The Cultural Landscape and Heritage Paradox: Protection and Development of the Dutch Archaeological-Historical Landscape and its European Dimension ... Press - Landscape and Heritage Research)

753 Pages·2011·35.16 MB·English

by  Tom Bloemers

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The Cultural Landscape & Heritage Paradox To T The TUD N
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This book is about understanding and managing the archaeological-historical landscape and its heritage, o C Cultural RI E
in the Netherlands and in Europe. em u HE C
The basic problem is to what extent we can know past and mainly invisible landscapes, and how we can er lt PE & RO
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use this still hidden knowledge for actual sustainable management of landscape’s cultural and historical , Landscape C P
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values. It has also been acknowledged that heritage management is increasingly about ‘the management e a N
of future change rather than simply protection’. This presents us with a paradox: to preserve our historic n l LA
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environment, we have to collaborate with those who wish to transform it and, in order to apply our expert L
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knowledge, we have to make it suitable for policy and society. a a
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The answer presented by the Protection and Development of the Dutch Archaeological-Historical Land- , d
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scape programme (pdl/bbo) is an integrative landscape approach which applies inter- and transdiscipli- r Paradox
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narity, establishing links between archaeological-historical heritage and planning, and between research
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and policy. This is supported by two unifying concepts: ‘biography of landscape’ and ‘action research’. This l p
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approach focuses upon the interaction between knowledge, policy and imagination centred on the public. e
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The European perspective makes us aware of the resourcefulness of the diversity of landscapes, of social

and institutional structures, of various sorts of problems, approaches and ways forward. In addition, two d
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related issues stand out: the management of knowledge creation for landscape research and manage- r
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ment, and the prospects for the near future. Underlying them is the imperative that we learn from the past
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Tom Bloemers is emeritus professor (since 2006) of archaeological heritage and landscape at the University e e
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of Amsterdam.
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henk Kars is professor of geo- en bioarchaeology at vu University Amsterdam. ij a
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arnold van der Valk is professor of land use planning at Wageningen University. a
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Mies Wijnen is former secretary of the Dutch pdl/bbo programme and former Science Officer of the e
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Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (nwo). and its European dimension
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Tom Bloemers
Henk kars
arnold van der valk
WWW.AUP.NL mies wijnen
isbn 978 90 8964 155 7
AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PRESS (eds.)
AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY PRESS LANDSCAPE & HERITAGE STUDIES
Omslag Bloemers compleet DEF.indd 1 13-8-10 16:03
THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE & HERITAGE PARADOX
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Boek Bloemers.indb 2 15-08-2010 22:41:48
The Cultural Landscape & Heritage Paradox
Protection and Development of the Dutch Archaeological-
Historical Landscape and its European Dimension
Editors:

Tom (J.H.F.) Bloemers Emeritus Professor of archaeological heritage and
landscape, University of Amsterdam
Henk Kars Professor of geo- and bioarchaeology,
VU University Amsterdam
Arnold van der Valk Professor in land use planning, Wageningen
University
Mies Wijnen Former secretary of the NWO PDL/BBO-programme
This publication is one of the results stemming from the NWO-programme
‘Bodemarchief in Behoud en Ontwikkeling (BBO), a research programme
organized by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).
AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITy PRESS
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The publication of this volume has been generously supported by the following institutions and
foundations (in alphabetical order):
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(Spanish National Council for Scientific Research), Madrid, Spain.
Fundación Las Médulas (Las Médulas Foundation), Ponferrada (León), Spain.
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
(Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research), The Hague, the Netherlands.
Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (Cultural Heritage Agency),
Amersfoort, the Netherlands.

Stimuleringsfonds voor Architectuur (the Netherlands Architecture Fund),
Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Van Eesteren-Fluck & Van Lohuizen Stichting,
The Hague, the Netherlands
EFL STICHTING
Cover illustration: Beverwijk-Heemskerk, Broekpolder
Cover design: Magenta Ontwerpers, Bussum, the Netherlands
Lay-out and editing of illustrations: UvA-Kaartenmakers, Amsterdam
isbn 978 90 8964 155 7
e-isbn 978 90 4851 096 2
isbn (csic) 978-84-00-09173-6
nur 682
© Tom Bloemers, Henk Kars, Arnold van der Valk / Amsterdam University Press 2010
All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book
may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of
both the copyright owner and the authors of the book.
Every effort has been made to obtain permission to use all copyrighted illustrations reproduced in this
book. Nonetheless, whosoever believes to have rights to this material is advised to contact the publisher.
Boek Bloemers.indb 4 15-08-2010 22:41:49
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE XI
I. INTRODUCTION 1
The Cultural Landscape and Heritage Paradox. Protection and Development of the
Dutch Archaeological-Historical Landscape and its European Dimension 3
Tom (J.H.F.) Bloemers
II. INSIGHTS AND PROSPECTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL-HISTORICAL
LANDSCAPE STUDIES 17
1. Introduction to ‘Protecting and Developing the Dutch Archaeological-Historical
Landscape’ (PDL/BBO) 19
Willem J.H. Willems

2. Planning the past. Lessons to be learned from ‘Protecting and Developing the Dutch
Archaeological-Historical Landscape’ (PDL/BBO) 21
Arnold van der Valk
3. Actors and orders: the shaping of landscapes and identities 53
Carsten Paludan-Müller
III. LINKING KNOWLEDGE AND ACTION 67
1. Linking knowledge to action: an introduction 69
Henk Kars
2. The cultural biography of landscape as a tool for action research in the Drentsche Aa
National Landscape (Northern Netherlands) 83
Hans Elerie & Theo Spek

3. From inventory to identity? Constructing the Lahemaa National Park’s (Estonia)
regional cultural heritage 115
Marju Kõivupuu, Anu Printsmann & Hannes Palang
4. A biography of the cultural landscape in the eastern Netherlands: theory and practice
of acquisition and propagation of knowledge 133
Jelle Vervloet, Roy van Beek & Luuk Keunen
TABLE OF CONTENTS • V
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5. The protection and management of the historic landscape in Scotland in the context of
the European Landscape Convention 151
Lesley Macinnes
6. Assessing in situ preservation of archaeological wetland sites by chemical analysis of
botanical remains and micromorphology 161
Martine van den Berg, Hans Huisman, Henk Kars, Henk van Haaster & Johan Kool
7. The ancient quarry and mining district between the Eifel and the Rhine: aims and
progress of the Vulkanpark Osteifel Project 177
Angelika Hunold & Holger Schaaff

IV. IMAGINATION - FACTS AND CONSTRUCTIONS 187
1. Imagination: facts and constructions. About imagination, authenticity and identity, and
the value of interpretative heritage research 189
Tom (J.H.F.) Bloemers
2. From Oer-IJ estuary to metropolitan coastal landscape. Assessing and preserving
archaeological-historical resources from 4000 years of living between land and water 203
Tom (J.H.F.) Bloemers, Gerard Alders, Robert van Heeringen, Marjolijn Kok,
Heleen van Londen, Liesbeth Theunissen & Peter Vos with an external view of
Gísli Pálsson
3. Two sorting-machines for the Oer-IJ 239
Rob van Leeuwen
4. Images, attitudes and measures in the field of cultural heritage in Norway 263
Karoline Daugstad
5. The good, the bad and the self-referential. Heritage planning and the productivity of difference 273
Kristof Van Assche
6. Interpretative heritage research and the politics of democratization and de-democratization.
As illustrated by the plight of hard-working amateurs in the trenches of revamped policy
arrangements 291
Martijn Duineveld, Raoul Beunen & Kristof Van Assche
7. Past pictures. Landscape visualization with digital tools 309
Jörg Rekittke & Philip Paar
VI • THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AND HERITAGE PARADOX
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8. Gazing at places we have never been. Landscape, heritage and identity.
A comment on Jörg Rekittke & Philip Paar: ‘Past Pictures. Landscape visualization with digital tools’ 321
Rob van der Laarse
9. ‘Green’ and ‘blue’ developments. Prospects for research and conservation of early prehistoric
hunter-gatherer landscapes 329
Bjørn Smit
10. Presentation, appreciation and conservation of liminal landscapes: challenges from an
Irish perspective (in response to the contribution by Bjørn Smit) 339
Michael O’Connell
11. My Story – your Story: three levels for reflecting and debating the relationship between
contemporary archaeological heritage management and the public. A comment from Germany 351
Ulf Ickerodt
V. SHARING KNOWLEDGE - STORIES, MAPS AND DESIGN 363
1. Introduction: sharing knowledge - stories, maps and design 365
Arnold van der Valk
2. Revitalizing history: moving from historical landscape reconstructions to heritage practices
in the southern Netherlands 387
Nico Roymans, Fokke Gerritsen, Cor van der Heijden, Koos Bosma & Jan Kolen

3. The role of historical expertise in today’s heritage management, landscape development and
spatial planning. Comment on ‘The biography of a sandy landscape’ by Nico Roymans,
Fokke Gerritsen, Cor van der Heijden, Koos Bosma & Jan Kolen 407
Jenny Atmanagara
4. The potential of remote sensing, magnetometry and geochemical prospection in the
characterization and inspection of archaeological sites and landscapes in the Netherlands 415
Henk Kars, Alette Kattenberg, Stijn Oonk & Chris Sueur
5. New developments in archaeological predictive modelling 431
Philip Verhagen, Hans Kamermans, Martijn van Leusen & Benjamin Ducke
6. Cultural heritage in environmental impact assessment – reflections from England
and northwest Europe 445
Carys E. Jones
TABLE OF CONTENTS • VII
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7. On the necessity of congruent meanings in archaeological heritage management. An analysis
of three case studies from a policy science perspective 461
Anneke de Zwart
8. Protection and management of Spanish archaeological-historical landscapes. Possibilities and
perspectives for the application of a protective and developmental approach 477
Maria Ruiz del Árbol & Almudena Orejas
9. Knowledge and legal action: a plea for conservation. Comment on ‘Protection and management
of Spanish archaeological-historical landscapes. Possibilities and perspectives for the
application of a protective and developmental approach’ by María Ruiz del Árbol &
Almudena Orejas 493
Martin Vollmer-König
VI. SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS 501
What have we learnt? 503
Tom (J.H.F.) Bloemers, Henk Kars & Arnold van der Valk
VII. MANAGEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE 519
1. The management of knowledge for integrative landscape research: an introduction 521
Tom (J.H.F.) Bloemers
2. Elephant and Delta. In search of practical guidelines for interdisciplinary and strategic research 529
Arnold van der Valk
3. LANDMARKS. A project based on transnational and interdisciplinary scientific co-operation 545
Almudena Orejas & Guillermo-Sven Reher

4. The Planarch experience 557
John Williams
5. Management of knowledge within the international and intersectoral research project
‘Cultural Landscapes’ 565
Józef Hernik
6. ‘Changing Landscapes’: an interdisciplinary Danish research centre 577
Per Grau Møller

7. The PDL/BBO research programme analysed from the perspective of knowledge
management 585
Tom (J.H.F.) Bloemers
VIII• THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AND HERITAGE PARADOX
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8. Cultural landscapes in the mirror. What information systems reveal about information
management and cultural landscape research 605
Sophie Visser
VIII. AGENDA FOR THE FUTURE 629
1. Agenda for the future. What do we see and what do we take? 631
Tom (J.H.F.) Bloemers
2. Heritage policy in spatial planning 641
Koos Bosma
3. Changing landscapes of archaeology and heritage 653
Graham Fairclough & Heleen van Londen
IX. SUMMARY 671
X. APPENDIX 675
1. List of selected abbreviations 677
2. Glossary of specific subject-related concepts and terms used in this book 679
3. Protecting and Developing the Dutch Archaeological-Historical Landscape/Bodemarchief
in Behoud en Ontwikkeling (PDL/BBO): projects and programmes 685
4. List of authors, fields of activity and addresses 693
SUBJECT INDEX 729
INDEX OF PLACES AND REGIONS 737
TABLE OF CONTENTS • IX
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