The Crusader World

749 Pages·2016·16.08 MB·English

by  Adrian Boas

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The Crusader World
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The Crusader World is a multidisciplinary survey of the current state of research in the field
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g of crusader studies, an area of study which has become increasingly popular in recent years.
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i In this volume Adrian Boas draws together an impressive range of academics, including
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n work from renowned scholars as well as a number of thought-provoking pieces from emerg-
a ing researchers, in order to provide broad coverage of the major aspects of the period. This
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a, authoritative work will play an important role in the future direction of crusading studies.
ni This volume enriches present knowledge of the crusades, addressing such wide-ranging
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o subjects as: intelligence and espionage, gender issues, religious celebrations in crusader
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l Jerusalem, political struggles in crusader Antioch, the archaeological study of battle sites
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and fortifications, diseases suffered by the crusaders, crusading in northern Europe and

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o Spain and the impact of crusader art. The relationship between crusaders and Muslims, two
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t distinct and in many way opposing cultures, is also examined in depth, including a discus-
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rs sion of how the Franks perceived their enemies.
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v Arranged into eight thematic sections, The Crusader World considers many central
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U issues as well as a large number of less familiar topics of the crusades, crusader society,
[ history and culture. With over 100 photographs, line drawings and maps, this impressive
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b collection of essays is a key resource for students and scholars alike.
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a Adrian J. Boas is Professor of Medieval Archaeology in the Departments of Archaeology
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l and Land of Israel Studies at Haifa University, Israel.
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THE ROUTLEDGE WORLDS
THE CELTIC WORLD
Edited by Miranda Green
THE GREEK WORLD
Edited by Anton Powell
THE REFORMATION WORLD
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0 THE EARLY CHRISTIAN WORLD
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y Edited by Philip F. Esler
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u THE ROMAN WORLD
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a Edited by John Wacher
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1 THE MEDIEVAL WORLD
7 Edited by Peter Linehan and Janet L. Nelson
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0 THE BIBLICAL WORLD
at Edited by John Barton
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g THE HINDU WORLD
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i Edited by Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby
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n THE ENLIGHTENMENT WORLD
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S Edited by Martin Fitzpatrick
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ni THE WORLD OF POMPEII
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o Edited by Pedar W. Foss and John J. Dobbins
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Ca THE BABYLONIAN WORLD
f Edited by Gwendolyn Leick
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t THE RENAISSANCE WORLD
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rs Edited by John Jeffries Martin
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ni THE EGYPTIAN WORLD
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Edited by Toby Wilkinson
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b THE ISLAMIC WORLD
d Edited by Andrew Rippin
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o THE VIKING WORLD
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n Edited by Stefan Brink and Neil Price
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D THE BYZANTINE WORLD
Edited by Paul Stephenson
THE ELIZABETHAN WORLD
Edited by Susan Doran and Norman Jones
THE WORLD OF THE AMERICAN WEST
Edited by Gordon Morris Bakken
THE OTTOMAN WORLD
Edited by Christine Woodhead
THE VICTORIAN WORLD
Edited by Martin Hewitt
THE ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN WORLD
Edited by Augustine Casiday
7 THE SUMERIAN WORLD
1 Edited by Harriet Crawford
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y THE ETRUSCAN WORLD
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a Edited by Jean MacIntosh Turfa
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a THE GOTHIC WORLD
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8 Edited by Glennis Byron and Dale Townshend
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7 THE WORLD OF THE REVOLUTIONARY AMERICAN REPUBLIC
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4: Edited by Andrew Shankman
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at THE WORLD OF INDIGENOUS NORTH AMERICA
o] Edited by Robert Warrior
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i THE FIN-DE-SIÈCLE WORLD
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n Edited by Michael Saler
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S THE OCCULT WORLD
a, Edited by Christopher Partridge
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n
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o THE ATLANTIC WORLD
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l Edited by D’Maris Coffman, Adrian Leonard, William O’Reilly
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f THE BUDDHIST WORLD
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y Edited by John Powers
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e Forthcoming:
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U THE MODERNIST WORLD
[ Edited by Stephen Ross and Allana Lindgren
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d THE POSTCOLONIAL WORLD
de Edited by Jyotsna Singh and David Kim
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l THE SHAKESPEAREAN WORLD
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w Edited by Jill L. Levenson and Robert Ormsby
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THE WORLD OF IONIA
Edited by Alan M. Greaves
THE WORLD OF FORMATIVE EUROPE
Edited by Martin Carver and Madeleine Hummler
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THE CRUSADER WORLD
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7 Adrian J. Boas
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First published 2016
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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1 © 2016 Adrian J. Boas for selection and editorial matter; individual
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2 contributions, the contributors.
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ar The right of Adrian J. Boas to be identified as the author of the editorial
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n material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been
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J asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright,
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1 Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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4 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
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4 or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other
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t means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and
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] recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
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g permission in writing from the publishers.
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Every effort has been made to contact copyright-holders. Please advise
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a the publisher of any errors or omissions, and these will be corrected in
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a, subsequent editions.
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r Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
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f or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
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a explanation without intent to infringe.
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of British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
y A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
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er Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
v
i The crusader world / edited by Adrian J. Boas.
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U pages cm. — (The Routledge worlds)
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y Includes bibliographical references and index.
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d 1. Crusades. I. Boas, Adrian J., 1952- editor, author.
e D157.C763 2015
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a 909.07—dc23
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nl 2015011532
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D ISBN: 978-0-415-82494-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-68415-4 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK
CONTENTS
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] List of illustrations xi
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e List of contributors xvi
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Sa 1 Introduction 1
a, Adrian J. Boas
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i PART I: IDEOLOGY, CRUSADE, WARFARE
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C AND PEACE-MAKING
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y 2 Pope Urban II and the ideology of the crusades 7
it Paul E. Chevedden
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v 3 Women’s involvement in the crusades 54
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n Helen J. Nicholson
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y 4 ‘Crusading’ warfare in the twelfth century 68
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d John France
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d 5 Paid troops in the service of military orders during the twelfth and
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o thirteenth centuries 84
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w Alan Forey
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D 6 Peacemaking in an age of war: when were cross-religious alliances in the
Latin East considered treason? 98
Yvonne Friedman
— Contents —
PART II: THE CRUSADER WEST
7 The military-religious orders in the crusader West 111
Karl Borchardt
8 Crusade, empire and the process of war in Staufen Germany, 1180–1220 128
Daniel P. Franke
9 Northern crusades: between holy war and mission 144
7 Darius von Güttner-Sporzyński
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0 10 Christian expansion in medieval Iberia: Reconquista or crusade? 163
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y Luis García-Guijarro Ramos
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a PART III: THE LATIN EAST
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1 11 The Venetian presence in the crusader lordship of Tyre: a tale of decline 181
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4 David Jacoby
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0 12 The Antiochene war of succession 196
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a Jochen Burgtorf
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g 13 Western Upper Galilee under crusader rule 212
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Di Rabei G. Khamisy
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a 14 Queen Alice of Cyprus 225
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a, Bernard Hamilton
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n 15 The Franciscan return to the Holy Land (1333) and Mt Sion: pilgrimage
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f and the apostolic mission 241
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a Andrew Jotischky
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y PART IV: MEDIEVAL BYZANTIUM
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e 16 Byzantine crusaders: holy war and crusade rhetoric in Byzantine contacts
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i with the West (1095–1341) 259
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U Nikolaos G. Chrissis
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b 17 Memory and ideology: the image of the crusades in Byzantine
d historiography, eleventh–thirteenth centuries 278
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d Aphrodite Papayianni
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n 18 The fall of Jerusalem (1187) as viewed from Byzantium 289
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o Michael Angold
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— Contents —
PART V: MEETING ISLAM
19 An illusion of ignorance? The Muslims of the Middle East and the
Franks before the crusades 311
Niall Christie
20 The early Mamlūks and the end of the crusader presence in Syria (1250–1291) 324
Reuven Amitai
7 21 The Muslim political world as mirrored in the First Crusade chronicles 346
1 Svetlana Luchitskaya
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y 22 Crusaders, Muslims and biblical stories: Saladin and Joseph 362
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a Yehoshua Frenkel
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a 23 Historical motifs in the writing of Muslim authors of the crusading era 378
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8 Daniella Talmon-Heller
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4 24 Latin Cyprus and its relations with the Mamluk sultanate, 1250–1517 391
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4 Nicholas Coureas
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a 25 Christian mercenaries in Muslim lands: their status in medieval Islamic
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o and canon law 419
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e Michael Lower
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S PART VI: ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE CRUSADES
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i 26 Crusader fortifications: between tradition and innovation 437
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or Mathias Piana
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a 27 Crusader battlefields: environmental and archaeological perspectives 460
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f Raphael Y. Lewis
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y 28 The Hospitaller castle of Belvoir: setting the scene for a discussion of the
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s topography, geology and architecture 490
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v Vardit Shotten-Hallel, Eytan Sass and Lydia Perelis Grossowicz
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U 29 Maritime commerce in the Latin East as reflected in the import of ceramics 519
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y Edna J. Stern
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d 30 Domestic life in the Latin East 544
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d Adrian J. Boas
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nl 31 Conquest and Europeanisation: the archaeology of the crusades in
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Livonia, Prussia and Lithuania 568
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D Aleksander Pluskowski and Heiki Valk
32 Intestinal parasites in the crusades: evidence for disease, diet and migration 593
Piers D. Mitchell
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