The Crown and the Cross: Burgundy, France, and the Crusades, 1095-1223

264 Pages·2020·1.992 MB·English

by  Hilary Marie Rhodes

THE CROWN AND THE CROSS
Outremer
StudieS in the CruSadeS and the Latin eaSt
Volume 9
General Editor
Dr Alan V. Murray (University of Leeds)
Editorial Board
Prof. Alfred Andrea (University of Vermont)
Dr Jessalynn Bird (Saint Mary’s College, Notre Dame)
Prof. Jochen Burgtorf (California State University, Fullerton)
Dr Niall Christie (Langara College, Vancouver)
Prof. John France (Swansea University)
Prof. Nikolas Jaspert (University of Heidelberg)
Prof. Kurt Villads Jensen (Stockholm University)
Prof. Peter Lock (York St John University)
Prof. Graham Loud (University of Leeds)
Dr Christoph Maier (University of Zürich)
Prof. Helen Nicholson (Cardiff University)
Dr Guy Perry (University of Oxford)
Dr Angus Stewart (University of St Andrews)
The Crown and the Cross
Burgundy, France, and the Crusades (1095–1223)
HILARY RHODES
F
Cover illustration: Miscellanea secundum usum ordinis
Cluniacensis, Latin 17716 fol. 91.
The right of Hilary Marie Rhodes to be identified as author
of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
© 2020, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the
publisher.
D/2020/0095/75
ISBN 978-2-503-58684-7
eISBN 978-2-503-58685-4
DOI 10.1484/M.OUTREMER-EB.5.118852
ISSN 2565-8794
eISSN 2565-988X
Printed in the EU on acid-free paper.
Contents
Acknowledgments 7
Family tree 8
Map 1 9
Map 2 10
List of abbreviations 11
Introduction 13
Chapter 1
Burgundy at the Dawn of the Crusades: Familial, Political,
and Religious Histories 27
I. Geography, territory, and polity: from Carolingians
to Capetians, 843–1032 27
II. Politics, family, and power in Burgundy, 1032–95 35
III. Cluny and the prehistory of the crusades: 910–c. 1050 38
IV. Battling the Muslims and Cluniac Reform: Burgundians
in Iberia, 1063–87 45
Chapter 2
Considering Contrasts: Burgundian Participation on the First Crusade,
1095–1101 57
I. France and the First Crusade: Clermont, recruitment,
and resistance 57
II. Doing Christian duty: Burgundian first crusaders, 1096–99 64
III. Making amends: Burgundy goes on Crusade, 1101 69
IV. Cluny and the crown of France: Odo of Burgundy
and the Crusade 77
Chapter 3
Transforming Traditions: The Burgundian Second Crusade, 1102–49 89
I. Dukes, counts, and kings: political change and context, 1102–45 89
II. Canon law and crusader-kings: creating a new political paradigm 97
III. The folly of Christendom? Participation and penance in the
Second Crusade 107
6 contents
Chapter 4
Between King and Emperor: The Evolving Burgundies, 1143–87 117
I. Power struggles and dynastic development: the dukes, 1143–65 117
II. Burgundy and the Holy Land: marriages and expeditions, 1162–79 128
III. Challenges to the crown: France and Burgundy, 1180–87 136
Chapter 5
Intimate Enemies: Burgundy on the Third Crusade, 1187–92 143
I. The fall of Jerusalem and initial response, 1185–88 143
II. Burgundy prepares for the crusade, 1188–90 150
III. The Third Crusade, 1190–92 162
Chapter 6
The Early Thirteenth Century: Burgundy, France, and Rome, 1193–1223 175
I. Marriages, politics, and papal reprisals, 1193–1200 175
II. The Fourth Crusade: from Cîteaux to Constantinople, 1200–04 183
III. The crown of France, the Cistercians, and the Albigensian
Crusade, 1203–09 190
IV. Aftermath: nation building and crusading memory 201
Conclusion 207
Appendix 213
Bibliography 223
Index 257
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The present form of this book owes the greatest intellectual debt to my PhD supervisors,
Dr Alan V. Murray and Dr Jonathan Jarrett at the University of Leeds, as well as Dr
Guy Perry at Middlebury College / University of Oxford. Work in Progress sessions
in the Institute for Medieval Studies at Leeds also produced useful comments and
suggestions, among those from Professor Julia Barrow, Professor Emilia Jamroziak,
Dr Alaric Hall, and others. External critiques on the then-thesis from Dr Thomas
Smith at Leeds and Dr Kimberly A. LoPrete at the National University of Ireland,
Galway, contributed to the finished work, and Professor Jochen Burgtorf at California
State University, Fullerton, read the full final draft and offered useful suggestions. I
am likewise grateful to Professor Jonathan Phillips and Dr Mike Horswell at Royal
Holloway University of London, as well as to Dr Kathryn Hurlock at Manchester
Metropolitan University and Dr Katherine J. Lewis at the University of Huddersfield.
A visit to the Centre d’études supérieures de civilisation médiévale at the University
of Poitiers in 2018 was made possible by Leeds’ Research Fund and Extraordinary
Fund, and I am grateful to Professor Martin Aurell and the staff and faculty at the
CESCM for their helpfulness and hospitality. Ongoing professional development
events and major opportunities, such as the annual International Medieval Congress,
have further enriched my experience at Leeds.
Personally, I am in the greatest debt, in many ways, to friends and family. My
parents, Kevin and Janet, and my sisters Gillian and Darcy, as well as my grandmother
Georgine and aunt Hilary. My dear friends Sigita, Adrienne, Christine, Madison,
and Tracy.
And lastly, always, to William.
8 acknowledgments
Family Tree
acknowledgments 9
Burgundy in the ninth and tenth centuries
Image source: Marco Zanoli, Wikimedia
10 acknowledgments
Burgundy in the twelft h and thirteenth centuries
Image source: Marco Zanoli, Wikimedia