The Criminal Personality: The Drug User

385 Pages·2000·12.68 MB·English

by  Samuel Yochelson, Stanton Samenow

THE CRIMINAL PERSONALITY
The
Criminal Personality
Volume III: The Drug User
by
SAMUELY O CHELSON, Ph.D., M.D.
and
STANTONE. SAMENOW, Ph.D.
Clinicl Psychlogist, Alexandri, Virgini
A JASON AONSON BOOK
ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC.
Lanham· Boulder· Ne York· Toronto· Oxford
In Memory of
Dr. Samuel Yochelson
The views expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the opinions, oficial
policy, or position of Saint Elizabeth's Hospital, the National Institute of Mental Health,
the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, or the U.S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare.
Samuel Yochelson, Ph.D., M.D.
Stanton E. Samenow, Ph.D.
A JASON ARONSON BOOK
ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PULISHERS, INC.
Published in the United States of America
by Rowman & Littlefeld Publishers, Inc.
A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefeld Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706
www.rowmanlittlefield.com
PO Box 317
Oxford
OX2 9RU,UK
Copyright © 1986 by Kathryn Yochelson and Stanton E. Samenow.
First Jason Aronson Inc. sofcover edition-I 994
First Rowman & Littlefield edition 2004
Al rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior perission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Yochelson, Samuel 1906-1976
The criminal personality.
Contents: v.I. A profile for change.
v.2. The change process.
v.3. Our odyssey with the drug-using criminal.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Criminal psychology-Collected works. I. Samenow, Stanton E., 1941- , joint
author. II. Title. [DNLM: I. Criminal psychology.
HV 6080 Y54c]
ISBN 0-87668-901-2 (hardcover)
ISBN 1-56821-244-5 (sofcover) 75-13507
Printed in the United States of America
eTT he paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American
National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library
Materials, ANSIINISO Z39.48-1992.
Contents
PREFACE .•......•...................................•..........•........•.•....•...•...••..•...•...•.••...•••••• i
1. OUR ODYSSEY WITH THE DRUG-USING CRIMINAL. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1
The Mental Makeup of the Drug-Using Criminal .••.......•..•........... 3
Achieving Change in the Drug-Using Criminal. ................•...•...•.1 3
Conclusion ..•..............•..•..•..•.••..............•.•..••.........•....••..• 18
2. M AND DRUGS: A PERSPECIVE ON DRUG ABUSE •••••••••••••••••••••••••••1 9
Incidence of Drug Use. .•..••...............................................•.•2 2
The Organic Viewpoint: Physical Depndence. ..•.•.............••...•..2
The Psychologic Viewpoints ..........•...................•........•....•.•..2 6
.
The Psychoanalytic Viewpoint. ....................................•..•••...2 7
Drugs Used to Defend Against Painful Mental States• ..................3 0
Drugs Used to Achieve Expanded Mental States• .•.......•........••...•3 2
Conceptualizing a Drug-User Personality. ......•.........................3 3
Criticisms of Psychologcal Explanations. ........•.•...........••.•...•..3 6
The Sociologic Viewpoint. •........ ; ...••..........................•...•.....3 9
Drug Effects. ..............................•..........................••.•••.•..5 0
The Nature of Addiction ..................••...........•......................5 2
Opiates ...................................................................•••...•. 55
Cocaine ................................................................•......••• 61
Amphetamines and Amphetamine-like Compounds. .....•.••....•..••6
Depressants ...................................................................•. 67
Volative Substances. ....••......••.•......•..•.........•......•......•••....•.6 9
Marijuana ..........................•...........•.•..............•...•..•••...... 72
Hallucinogens or Psychotomimetic Drugs. ..•....•..•.•........••.••••••.8 0
Polydrug Use ....•...............•........••...............•...........•....•...8 5
Alcohol ...................................•....•............................•.... 87
Bibliography ...................••.••... , .......•..........•..•........•....••... 91
v
v Content
3. TH DRUG-USING CRIMINAL' WAY OF LIFE• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1 25
The Childhood of the Potential Drug-Using Criminal:
An Overview. ...............................................................1 25
The Drug User and His Family. ..............................•.•........•.. 128
The Drug User's Neighborhood· and Associates. .......................1 34
The Drug User at Shool. ................................................... 138
TheDrugUser atWork ...............................•......................1 42
The Drug User in the Military ....................... .......................1 45
Acquisition and Distribution of Drugs ...................................1 49
Antisocial Patters ..................•........................................1 52
The Drug User in Confnement.� .......................................... 154
Bibliography .................................................................. 158
4. TOWARD A CONCEPUAL UNDERSTANDING:
THE HIGH, THE NOD, THERUSH,CRAVING,ANDADDICION• •.•••••••••1 61
The High .......................................................................1 62
The Nod ........................................................................ 168
The Rush .......................................................................1 69
Craving .............................................................•........... 171
Addiction .................................................•.................... 173
Psychosomatic Withdrawal-like Symptoms ............................ 177
Bibliogaphy ..................•............................................... 181
5. DRUGSASFACILITATORS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••• •.••••.•.•. 185
Drugs a Facilitators of Crme .............................................1 87
Drugs a Potentiators of Sexual Performance .......................... 198
Drugs a Facilitators of Criminal Equivalents ..........................2 0
Drugs a Facilitators of Religous Experience. ..........................2 11
Drugs a Facilitators of Depresion and Suicide. .......................2 13
A Note on Facilitation of Psychosis. ......................................2 16
Bibliography .................................................................. 218
6. THCHOICEOFADRUG• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2 19
Opiates ...•.....•............................................................... 220
Stimulants .....•.........................................•..................... 221
Depressants .................................................................... 2
Marijuana ......................................................................2
Hallucinogens ........................•........................................ 225
Alcohol ........................... .............................................. 227
Polydrug Use. .................................................................2 29
Bibliogaphy .................................................................. 230
Contents v i
7. TREATMNT OF T DRUG USER •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2 33
Motivation for Treatment. ...•...........•................•••••.•..•..•.••.2 35
Exter Deerrence .•...............................••......•...••......••...2 37
Sociologc Measures. •................................................•......2 41
Psychiatric-Psychologic Approaches. ..................................•2 49
Medically Oriented Approaches. ..........................................2 67
Other Approaches. ...........................................................2 93
The Current Situation ...............................................••.•.... 305
Bibliogaphy .................................................................. 307
THE DRUG-USING CRIMINA IN A PROGRAM FOR CHANGE• ••••••••••••••••3 35
Pitfalls During Early Contacts with the Drug-Using Criminal. ......3 40
The Closed Channel When the Criminal Is on Drugs ..•.............•. 344
Self-pity and the Refusal to Endure. .....•................................ 345
Psychosomatic Symptoms in the Drug-Using Criminal. .............. 349
Failure to Take Responsible Initiatives. .................................. 35 1
The Development of a Neurotic Reaction ................................ 353
Drugs: The Instant Antidote to Boredom and Self-Pity. ..............3 54
Alcohol: Opening the Door to Criminality. ............................. 356
Once aDrug-UsingCrinal, Always a Drug-Using Criminal. ......3 59
Bibliography ..................•.............................•................. 36
INDEX ••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••• 361
8.
Preface
THIS BOK IS the third in the series Te Criminal Personalty. The material in
this volume, as in the others, is based on the research conducted by the late
Dr. Samuel Yochelson. A psychiatrist, Dr. Yochelson spent the last ffteen
years of his life (1961-1976) as Director of the Program for the Investigation
of Criminal Behavior at Saint Elizabeths Hospital i Washington, D.C. His
goal was to understand the causes of criminal behavior and, more important,
to find a method by which he could help lawbreakers become responsible citi­
zens. At Dr. Yochelson's invitation, I joined the progam in 1970.
The first chapter of Volume I is titled "The Reluctant Converts." The title
refers not to the criminals Dr. Yochelson studied and treated but, rather, to
himself and to me. We were reluctant to abandon concepts and procedures
that we had used and found effective in earlier work with responsible people
who were emotionally disturbed. But abandon the familiar we did. For as Dr.
Yochelson conducted what he retrospectively referred to as a "search," not a
"re-search," he developed a new, detailed understanding of who the criminal
is and of the neessity of adopting different methods of dealing with him.
Volume I contains a detailed profle of the criminal's thinking patters -how
the criminal views himself and the world. Volume II presents the approach
development. by Dr. Yochelson as he helped criminals become reponsible
citizens.
This third volume about the drug-using criminal, outlined before Dr.
Yochelson's death in 1976, also draws exclusively from his findings. The
book was written btween late 1976 and mid-1978, and I have recently
updated sections of it. For their help in this project, I would like to thank Mr.
John Lewin for his work as research assistant and Mrs. Sylvia L. Samenow
for her editorial suggestions.
Since Dr. Yo chelson's death, I have been in practice as a psychologist and
consultant, having lef Saint Elizabeths Hospital in 1978. In my clinical
work, while evaluating and counseling offenders, I repatedly have found
confrmation of Dr. Yochelson's concepts and procedures. Although crimi-
i