The Craft of Revision, Fifth Anniversary Edition PDF
Preview The Craft of Revision, Fifth Anniversary Edition
theC raft of (cid:2) evision Fifth Anniversary Edition Donald M. Murray Professor Emeritus The University of New Hampshire Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. The Craft of Revision, © 2013, 2004, 2001 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning Fifth Anniversary Edition, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the Donald M. Murray copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or Senior Publisher: Lyn Uhl mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, Publisher: Monica Eckman recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, Acquisitions Editor: information networks, or information storage and retrieval Margaret Leslie systems, except as permitted under Section 107or 108of Assistant Editor: the 1976United States Copyright Act, without the prior Amy Haines written permission of the publisher. Editorial Assistant: Danielle Warchol For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Associate Media Editor: Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 Janine Tangney For permission to use material from this text or product, Executive Marketing submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Manager: Stacey Further permissions questions can be emailed to Purviance [email protected]. 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Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 14 13 12 11 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For Minnie Mae Who made soup of old bones and mailed out manuscripts in which I had no faith Other Books by Donald M.Murray The Lively Shadow:Living with the Death of a Child(Ballantine, 2003) A Writer Teaches Writing, (Revised Second Edition, Heinle/Thomson, 2004) Write to Learn,Seventh Edition (Heinle/Thomson, 2001) My Twice Lived Life: A Memoir(Ballantine, 2001) Writing to Deadline: The Journalist at Work (Heinemann, 2000) Crafting a Life in Essay, Story, Poem(Boynton/Cook, 1996) Writer in the Newsroom(Poynter Institute for Media Studies, 1996) Read to Write,Third Edition (Heinle/Thomson, 1993) Shoptalk: Learning to Write with Writers(Boynton/Cook, 1990) Expecting the Unexpected(Heinemann, 1989) Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. CONTENTS Foreword xi Preface xxi C h a p t e r 1 REWRITE BEFORE WRITING 1 Why Do We Resist Rewriting? 2 An Invitation: Write with Me 5 How Do You Find Something to Write About? 6 Brainstorming 6 Interview Yourself 9 Circle the Subject 10 Try Out Lines 11 Play with Images 12 Make Connections 13 What If 14 Be Specific 15 End-of-Chapter Interviews 18 Interview with a Published Writer—Elizabeth Cooke 18 C h a p t e r 2 HOW TO GET THE WRITING DONE: TRICKS OF THE WRITER’S TRADE 24 Nulla Dies Sine Linea 26 Establish Achievable Deadlines 27 Break a Writing Assignment into Small Daily Tasks 28 Know Tomorrow’s Task Today 28 Keep a Daybook 29 Rehearse 30 A Writer’s Place 30 iv Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Contents v C h a p t e r 3 READING FOR REVISION 32 Test Readers 33 Where Do We Find Test Readers? 33 What Test Readers Do 34 The Danger of Test Readers 34 Setting the Reader’s Agenda 36 Reading Writing in Process 37 Techniques of Responding 38 Methods of Reader Response 40 C h a p t e r 4 REWRITE WITH FOCUS 44 Elements of Focus 45 Selection 45 Emphasis 46 Clarity 46 Premature Focusing 46 How to Focus 48 The List 48 The Discovery Draft 50 What if I Don’t Discover in My Discovery Draft? 54 How Do I Make an Instructor’s Idea My Own? 54 Understand the Assignment 55 Interview the Assignment 55 Rewrite by Context 56 Connect 57 How Do I Make the Boss’s Idea My Own? 57 Focus Repair 58 Diagnosis: No Focus 58 Testing Your Focus 59 If the Diagnosis Is Positive 61 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. vi Contents Say One Thing 62 How Can I Find That One Thing? 62 But What about All the Other Good Stuff? 67 Frame Your Meaning 67 What to Leave Out 68 What to Keep In 69 Set the Distance 69 When to Use Close-ups 70 When to Step Back 70 When to Zoom 70 Interview with a Published Writer—Christopher Scanlan 71 C h a p t e r 5 REWRITE WITH GENRE 75 Choosing the Genre 76 Genre Provides Meaning 77 The Five-Paragraph Theme 78 The Unshaped Material 79 Diagnosis: Ineffective Genre 83 Genre Communicates Meaning 84 Discovering the Genre for the Draft 85 The Internal Genre 85 The External Genre 86 The Essential Narrative 89 Narrative’s Clock 90 Questions Answered; Questions Asked 91 Walking Beside the Reader 92 Reading the Listener 92 Entertaining the Reader 93 Design Your Own Genre 93 The Discovered Genre 93 The Invented Genre 94 Create an Effective Design 95 What Is Saved 96 What Is Discarded 97 Case History of a Student Writer—Maureen Healy 97 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Contents vii C h a p t e r 6 REWRITE WITH STRUCTURE 119 Diagnosis: Disorder 120 Answer the Reader’s Questions 123 Outline After Writing 125 Expose the Structure of a Draft 125 Outline After Writing 126 Adapt the Structure 126 Redesign the Structure 126 Interview with a Student Writer—Kathryn S. Evans 127 C h a p t e r 7 REWRITE WITH DOCUMENTATION 133 Diagnosis: Too Little Information 135 The Writer’s Eye 136 The Importance of Information 139 Provides Reader Satisfaction 139 Establishes Authority 140 Produces Lively Writing 140 The Qualities of Effective Information 141 Accuracy 141 Specificity 143 Significance 144 Fairness 146 The Basic Forms of Information146 Where Do You Find Information? 148 Memory 148 Observation 149 Internet 150 Interview 150 Library 151 Attribution 154 Writing with Information 156 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. viii Contents The Craft of Selection 156 Style 157 Interview with a Student Writer—Jennifer Bradley-Swift 160 C h a p t e r 8 REWRITE TO DEVELOP 166 Diagnosis: Superficial 167 Techniques of Development 168 Develop with Information 168 Develop with Authority 169 Develop with Clarity 171 Put Meaning in Context 172 Rewriting Starts with Rereading 172 Read Fragments 174 Read What Isn’t Written 175 Problem: No Territory 176 Solution 176 Problem: No Surprise 176 Solution 177 Problem: No Writer 177 Solution 177 Problem: No Respect 178 Solution 178 Problem: Too Little 178 Solution 179 Problem: Too Much 179 Solution 180 Problem: Too Private 180 Solution 180 Problem: No Significance 181 Solution 181 Problem: No Connection 181 Solution 182 Rewrite within the Draft 182 Emphasize the Significant 183 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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