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THE COSSACK MYTH IntheyearsfollowingtheNapoleonicWars,amysteriousmanuscript began to circulate among the dissatisfied noble elite of the Russian Empire. Entitled The History of the Rus′, it became one of the most influential historical texts of the modern era. Attributed to an eighteenth-century Orthodox archbishop, it described the heroic struggles of the Ukrainian Cossacks. Alexander Pushkin read the book as a manifestation of Russian national spirit, but Taras ShevchenkointerpreteditasaquestforUkrainiannationalliberation, anditwouldinspirethousandsofUkrainianstofightforthefreedom of their homeland. Serhii Plokhy tells the fascinating story of the text’s discovery and dissemination, unravelling the mystery of its authorshipandtracingitssubsequentimpactonRussianandUkrainian historical and literary imagination. In so doing, he brilliantly illuminates the relationship between history, myth, empire, and nationhood,fromNapoleonictimestothefalloftheSovietUnion. serhii plokhy istheMykhailoHrushevskyProfessorofUkrainian History at Harvard University. His previous publications include UkraineandRussia:RepresentationsofthePast(2008)andTheOrigins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus(2006). Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:34 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 new studies in european history Editedby PETER BALDWIN,University of California, LosAngeles CHRISTOPHER CLARK, University of Cambridge JAMES B. COLLINS, Georgetown University MIA RODR´IGUEZ-SALGADO, London School of Economics and PoliticalScience LYNDAL ROPER, University of Oxford TIMOTHY SNYDER, Yale University TheaimofthisseriesinearlymodernandmodernEuropeanhistoryistopublish outstanding works of research, addressed to important themes across a wide geographical range, from southern and central Europe, to Scandinavia and Russia, from the time of the Renaissance to the Second World War. As it develops, the series will comprise focused works of wide contextual range and intellectual ambition. A fulllist of titles published in the series can befoundat: www.cambridge.org/newstudiesineuropeanhistory Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:34 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 THE COSSACK MYTH History and Nationhood in the Age of Empires SERHII PLOKHY Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:34 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 cambridgeuniversitypress Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb28ru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107022102 #SerhiiPlokhy2012 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2012 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyitheMPGiBooksiGroup AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Plokhy,Serhii,1957– TheCossackmyth:historyandnationhoodintheageofempires/SerhiiPlokhy. pagescm.– (NewstudiesinEuropeanhistory) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-107-02210-2(Hardback) 1. Ukraine–Historiography. 2. IstoriiaRusov. 3. IstoriiaRusov–Authorship. 4. Ukraine– History–Sources. 5. Cossacks–Ukraine–History–Sources. 6. Cossacks–Ukraine–Folklore. 7. Nationalism–Ukraine–History. 8. Ukraine–Relations–Russia. 9. Russia–Relations– Ukraine. 10. Imperialism–History. I. Title. DK508.46.P552012 947.7′00491714–dc23 2012000083 isbn978-1-107-02210-2Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:34 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 For Olena Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:34 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Contents List of figures page ix List of maps x Note on transliteration and dates xi Introduction 1 part i the mystery 1 A call for freedom 15 2 The Cossack annals 28 3 The birth of the myth 47 part ii on a cold trail 4 A noble heart 69 5 The Cossack prince 88 6 The Kyiv manuscript 108 part iii pieces of a puzzle 7 A matter of time 131 8 Uncovering the motive 149 9 How did he do it? 170 10 The Cossack treasure 188 vii Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:30 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 viii Contents part iv unusual suspects 11 People and places 207 12 The Cossack aristocrats 225 13 The liberated gentry 243 14 A history teacher 261 part v a family circle 15 A missing name 287 16 A son-in-law 307 17 The rivals 328 Epilogue 351 Appendix: Cossack family networks 369 Acknowledgments 371 Index 374 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:30 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Figures Between pages 176 and 177 1 The History of the Rus′, c. 1818. (Andrei Sheptytsky National Museum, Manuscript Division, no. 563.) 2 A Chronicle of Little Russia, 1813. (Volodymyr Vernadsky Library of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv), Manuscript Institute, I, no. 6099.) 3 Aleksandr von Brigen. From A. F. Brigen, Istoricheskie sochineniia (Irkutsk, 1986). 4 Mykhailo Myklashevsky. From Chernigovskie gubernskie vedomosti, no. 666 (1895). 5 Myklashevsky mansion in Ponurivka at the turn of the twentieth century (Photo Collection of Chernihiv State Archives). 6 Archbishop Heorhii Konysky (unknown artist, Nizhyn Eparchy of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church). 7 Hryhorii Poletyka as the author of the History of the Rus′. From Narodzheni Ukra¨ınoiu. Memorial′nyi al′manakh u dvokh tomakh (Kyiv, 2002), vol. ii. 8 Vasyl Poletyka. From Kievskaia starina, no. 1 (1893). 9 Oleksandr Bezborodko. By Dmytro Levytsky. From Russkaia Zhivopis′ v XVIII veke, vol. i: D. G. Levitskii (St. Petersburg, 1902). 10 Ivan Hudovych. From Chernigovskie gubernskie vedomosti, no. 592 (1895). 11 Mykola Borozdna. From Chernigovskie gubernskie vedomosti, no. 164 (1894). 12 Stepan Shyrai. From Chernigovskie gubernskie vedomosti, no. 632 (1895). 13 Nikolai Repnin. From V.V. Ruban, Ukra¨ıns′kyi portretnyi zhyvopys persho¨ı polovyny XIX stolittia (Kyiv, 1984). ix Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:28 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Maps 1 The Hetmanate and surrounding territories in the 1750s. From Zenon E. Kohut, Russian Centralism and Ukrainian Autonomy: Imperial Absorption of the Hetmanate, 1760s–1830s (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), p. xiv. page xii 2 The Starodub regiment in the 1750s. xiii 3 Imperial provinces: the Hetmanate as part of imperial Russia, 1809. From Kohut, Russian Centralism, p. xv. xiv 4 Modern Ukraine. From Encyclopedia of Ukraine, ed. Volodomyr Kubijovycˇ and Danylo Husar Struk, vol. v (Toronto, 1993), p. 441. xv x Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:29 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012

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In the years following the Napoleonic Wars, a mysterious manuscript began to circulate among the dissatisfied noble elite of the Russian Empire. Entitled The History of the Rus', it became one of the most influential historical texts of the modern era. Attributed to an eighteenth-century Orthodox ar
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THE COSSACK MYTH IntheyearsfollowingtheNapoleonicWars,amysteriousmanuscript began to circulate among the dissatisfied noble elite of the Russian Empire. Entitled The History of the Rus′, it became one of the most influential historical texts of the modern era. Attributed to an eighteenth-century Orthodox archbishop, it described the heroic struggles of the Ukrainian Cossacks. Alexander Pushkin read the book as a manifestation of Russian national spirit, but Taras ShevchenkointerpreteditasaquestforUkrainiannationalliberation, anditwouldinspirethousandsofUkrainianstofightforthefreedom of their homeland. Serhii Plokhy tells the fascinating story of the text’s discovery and dissemination, unravelling the mystery of its authorshipandtracingitssubsequentimpactonRussianandUkrainian historical and literary imagination. In so doing, he brilliantly illuminates the relationship between history, myth, empire, and nationhood,fromNapoleonictimestothefalloftheSovietUnion. serhii plokhy istheMykhailoHrushevskyProfessorofUkrainian History at Harvard University. His previous publications include UkraineandRussia:RepresentationsofthePast(2008)andTheOrigins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus(2006). Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:34 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 new studies in european history Editedby PETER BALDWIN,University of California, LosAngeles CHRISTOPHER CLARK, University of Cambridge JAMES B. COLLINS, Georgetown University MIA RODR´IGUEZ-SALGADO, London School of Economics and PoliticalScience LYNDAL ROPER, University of Oxford TIMOTHY SNYDER, Yale University TheaimofthisseriesinearlymodernandmodernEuropeanhistoryistopublish outstanding works of research, addressed to important themes across a wide geographical range, from southern and central Europe, to Scandinavia and Russia, from the time of the Renaissance to the Second World War. As it develops, the series will comprise focused works of wide contextual range and intellectual ambition. A fulllist of titles published in the series can befoundat: www.cambridge.org/newstudiesineuropeanhistory Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:34 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 THE COSSACK MYTH History and Nationhood in the Age of Empires SERHII PLOKHY Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:34 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 cambridgeuniversitypress Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb28ru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107022102 #SerhiiPlokhy2012 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2012 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyitheMPGiBooksiGroup AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Plokhy,Serhii,1957– TheCossackmyth:historyandnationhoodintheageofempires/SerhiiPlokhy. pagescm.– (NewstudiesinEuropeanhistory) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-107-02210-2(Hardback) 1. Ukraine–Historiography. 2. IstoriiaRusov. 3. IstoriiaRusov–Authorship. 4. Ukraine– History–Sources. 5. Cossacks–Ukraine–History–Sources. 6. Cossacks–Ukraine–Folklore. 7. Nationalism–Ukraine–History. 8. Ukraine–Relations–Russia. 9. Russia–Relations– Ukraine. 10. Imperialism–History. I. Title. DK508.46.P552012 947.7′00491714–dc23 2012000083 isbn978-1-107-02210-2Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:34 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 For Olena Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:34 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Contents List of figures page ix List of maps x Note on transliteration and dates xi Introduction 1 part i the mystery 1 A call for freedom 15 2 The Cossack annals 28 3 The birth of the myth 47 part ii on a cold trail 4 A noble heart 69 5 The Cossack prince 88 6 The Kyiv manuscript 108 part iii pieces of a puzzle 7 A matter of time 131 8 Uncovering the motive 149 9 How did he do it? 170 10 The Cossack treasure 188 vii Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:30 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 viii Contents part iv unusual suspects 11 People and places 207 12 The Cossack aristocrats 225 13 The liberated gentry 243 14 A history teacher 261 part v a family circle 15 A missing name 287 16 A son-in-law 307 17 The rivals 328 Epilogue 351 Appendix: Cossack family networks 369 Acknowledgments 371 Index 374 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:30 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Figures Between pages 176 and 177 1 The History of the Rus′, c. 1818. (Andrei Sheptytsky National Museum, Manuscript Division, no. 563.) 2 A Chronicle of Little Russia, 1813. (Volodymyr Vernadsky Library of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv), Manuscript Institute, I, no. 6099.) 3 Aleksandr von Brigen. From A. F. Brigen, Istoricheskie sochineniia (Irkutsk, 1986). 4 Mykhailo Myklashevsky. From Chernigovskie gubernskie vedomosti, no. 666 (1895). 5 Myklashevsky mansion in Ponurivka at the turn of the twentieth century (Photo Collection of Chernihiv State Archives). 6 Archbishop Heorhii Konysky (unknown artist, Nizhyn Eparchy of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church). 7 Hryhorii Poletyka as the author of the History of the Rus′. From Narodzheni Ukra¨ınoiu. Memorial′nyi al′manakh u dvokh tomakh (Kyiv, 2002), vol. ii. 8 Vasyl Poletyka. From Kievskaia starina, no. 1 (1893). 9 Oleksandr Bezborodko. By Dmytro Levytsky. From Russkaia Zhivopis′ v XVIII veke, vol. i: D. G. Levitskii (St. Petersburg, 1902). 10 Ivan Hudovych. From Chernigovskie gubernskie vedomosti, no. 592 (1895). 11 Mykola Borozdna. From Chernigovskie gubernskie vedomosti, no. 164 (1894). 12 Stepan Shyrai. From Chernigovskie gubernskie vedomosti, no. 632 (1895). 13 Nikolai Repnin. From V.V. Ruban, Ukra¨ıns′kyi portretnyi zhyvopys persho¨ı polovyny XIX stolittia (Kyiv, 1984). ix Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:28 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Maps 1 The Hetmanate and surrounding territories in the 1750s. From Zenon E. Kohut, Russian Centralism and Ukrainian Autonomy: Imperial Absorption of the Hetmanate, 1760s–1830s (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), p. xiv. page xii 2 The Starodub regiment in the 1750s. xiii 3 Imperial provinces: the Hetmanate as part of imperial Russia, 1809. From Kohut, Russian Centralism, p. xv. xiv 4 Modern Ukraine. From Encyclopedia of Ukraine, ed. Volodomyr Kubijovycˇ and Danylo Husar Struk, vol. v (Toronto, 1993), p. 441. xv x Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:29 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012

Description:
In the years following the Napoleonic Wars, a mysterious manuscript began to circulate among the dissatisfied noble elite of the Russian Empire. Entitled The History of the Rus', it became one of the most influential historical texts of the modern era. Attributed to an eighteenth-century Orthodox ar
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