The Convergence of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender: Multiple Identities in Counseling PDF
Preview The Convergence of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender: Multiple Identities in Counseling
The Convergence of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Fifth Edition Dedicated to my husband and to our beautiful children. SAGE was founded in 1965 by Sara Miller McCune to support the dissemination of usable knowledge by publishing innovative and high-quality research and teaching content. Today, we publish over 900 journals, including those of more than 400 learned societies, more than 800 new books per year, and a growing range of library products including archives, data, case studies, reports, and video. SAGE remains majority-owned by our founder, and after Sara’s lifetime will become owned by a charitable trust that secures our continued independence. Los Angeles | London | New Delhi | Singapore | Washington DC | Melbourne The Convergence of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Multiple Identities in Counseling Fifth Edition Tracy Robinson-Wood Northeastern University FOR INFORMATION Copyright © 2017 by SAGE Publications, Inc. SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or 2455 Teller Road utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, Thousand Oaks, California 91320 including photocopying, recording, or by any information E-mail: [email protected] storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. SAGE Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard Printed in the United States of America 55 City Road London, EC1Y 1SP Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data United Kingdom Names: Robinson-Wood, Tracy L. SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Title: The convergence of race, ethnicity, and gender : Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 multiple identities in counseling / Tracy L. Robinson-Wood, India Northeastern University. Description: Fifth Edition. | Thousand Oaks : SAGE SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. Publications, Inc., 2016. | Revised edition of the author’s 3 Church Street The convergence of race, ethnicity, and gender, 2013. | Includes #10–04 Samsung Hub bibliographical references and indexes. Singapore 049483 Identifiers: LCCN 2015040394 | ISBN 9781506305752 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Cross-cultural counseling. Classification: LCC BF636.7.C76 R583 2016 | DDC 158.3—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015040394 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Development Editor: Abbie Rickard Editorial Assistant: Carrie Montoya Production Editor: Bennie Clark Allen Copy Editor: Renee Willers Typesetter: Hurix Systems Pvt. Ltd. Proofreader: Sue Schon Indexer: Robie Grant Cover Designer: Janet Kiesel Marketing Manager: Shari Countryman eLearning Editor: Lucy Berbeo 16 17 18 19 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 v Brief Contents Preface to the Fifth Edition xv Acknowledgments xxii About the Author xxiii Part I: The Mental Health Professional and Diversity 1 Chapter 1: You, the Mental Health Professional, and Diversity in Mental Health Practice 3 Chapter 2: Multicultural Competencies: Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes 21 Chapter 3: Multiple Identities Defined 41 Chapter 4: Identities as Status 65 Part II: Our People 83 Chapter 5: People of Native American and Alaskan Native Descent 85 Chapter 6: People of Spanish and Latino Descent 103 Chapter 7: People of African Descent 123 Chapter 8: People of Asian Descent, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders 145 Chapter 9: People of the Middle East and Arab Descent 169 Chapter 10: People of European Descent 189 Chapter 11: People of Jewish Descent 207 Part III: Converging Identities 227 Chapter 12: Converging Race 229 Chapter 13: Converging Biracial and Multiracial Identities 249 Chapter 14: Converging Gender 271 Chapter 15: Converging Sexuality 297 Chapter 16: Converging Socioeconomic Class 321 Chapter 17: Converging Disability 341 Chapter 18: Converging Spirituality 361 Chapter 19: Converging Social Justice in Diversity Practice 379 Epilogue 399 References 401 Index 443 v Detailed Contents Preface to the Fifth Edition xv Acknowledgments xxii About the Author xxiii Part I: The Mental Health Professional and Diversity 1 Chapter 1: You, the Mental Health Professional, and Diversity in Mental Health Practice 3 The Mental Health Profession 4 Theme 1—A Focus on Histories, Voice, and Power (Not on Food, Fabric, and Festivals) 7 Theme 2—A Commitment to Feeling Feelings Amidst Interrogation and Difficult Dialogue 11 Theme 3—Inclusion of White People Into the Discussion 12 Theme 4—Understanding that Privilege and Power Are Not Bifurcations 14 Case Study 15 Summary 20 Chapter 2: Multicultural Competencies: Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes 21 Multicultural Competencies 22 Competency 1: Counselor Awareness of Own Cultural Values and Biases 23 Competency 2: Counselor Awareness of Client’s Worldview 25 Competency 3: Counselors Use Culturally Appropriate Intervention Strategies 26 Competency Guidelines, Benchmarks, and Standards 30 Diversity Training 30 Assessment and Research 33 Implications for Mental Health Professionals 36 Case Study 38 Summary 40 Chapter 3: Multiple Identities Defined 41 Multicultural Counseling and Psychology Defined 44 Diversity: An Overview 46 A B C Dimensions 48 Conceptualization of the Self 49 Images of Diversity 50 Culture 50 Race 52 Ethnicity 53 Gender 54 Sexuality 56 Disability 56 Socioeconomic Class 57 Spirituality 59 Implications for Mental Health Professionals 60 Case Study 60 Summary 63 Chapter 4: Identities as Status 65 Identities as Status: The Contextual and Social Construction of Differences Model 66 Assumptions of Hierarchical Socialization Patterns 68 Racism 68 Patriarchy 74 Sexism 75 Able-Bodyism 76 Class Elitism 77 Ageism 79 Implications for Mental Health Professionals 80 Case Study 80 Summary 82 Part II: Our People 83 Chapter 5: People of Native American and Alaskan Native Descent 85 History 87 Geography and Demography 90 Social, Psychological, and Physical Health Issues 92 Acculturation 95 Cultural Philosophies and Values 96 Native American Identity 99 Implications for Mental Health Professionals 100 Case Study 101 Summary 102 Chapter 6: People of Spanish and Latino Descent 103 The Spanish, Portuguese, Indians, Asians, and Africans 104 Migratory Patterns From Mexico 106 Demography 106 Geography 108 Social, Psychological, and Physical Health Issues 109 Migration and Acculturation 112 Cultural Orientation and Values 113 Latino Ethnic Identity Development 117 Implications for Mental Health Professionals 119 Case Study 120 Summary 121 Chapter 7: People of African Descent 123 History, 500–1500 ad 124 The Slave Trade 124 Resistance to Slavery 126 Demographic Trends 127 Social, Psychological, and Physical Health Issues 129 Physical Appearance 132 Cultural Orientation and Values 133 African American Racial Identity 138 Implications for Mental Health Professionals 140 Case Study 141 Summary 143 Chapter 8: People of Asian Descent, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders 145 History 146 Demography 149 Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders 149 Social, Psychological, and Physical Health Issues 151 Acculturation and Experiences in America 156 Cultural Orientation and Values 159 Asian American Identity Development 162 Implications for Mental Health Professionals 163 Case Study 164 Summary 167
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