.' I • r TheC onsaetrivoofn ArtifMaacdtefs r om PlaMnatt erials The Conservation of Artifacts Made from Plant Materials Mary-LDoaul eE .P aFullo rKiraonn kright Ruth E. Norton CoveWrar:a boa eskttryr aVye,n elzau e X6S-776S. FowlMeursu emo fC ultuHriasrlty oU,C LA, CourCsoeo rdinBaetnoirt:a Johnson PublicaCtoioorndsi nIartioAnrva:ek rie,Gff CI DesiJgna:cG kail lagGhCeIr , TechniIclalrlua sttiJoann:Se pte hEanrr iqaunedLz a urGireo ve PrintPirnign:c eUtnoinv erPsrietsys ©1990T heJ .PaGuelt ty Trust Alrli ghrtess erved LibroafrCy o ngrCeastsa logiPnugb-ltiiinco-Dana ta FloriMaanr,y -LEo.u Thec onservoafat ritoinf maacdtfeosr m p lamnatt er/i Maalrsy -Lou E.F loriDaanlP,ea uKlr onkriRguhttEh,. N orton Inclubdiebsgl riaophriecfaelr eanncdie nsd ex. ISB0N -89236-160-3 1.P larnetm ai(nAsr chaeyo)l-o-gCcotlilaoenndp reservation. I.K rongkhrtiD,a lPea ulI.IN .o rton, ER.Iu IthIT .i tle. CC79.55.FP581 990 930.'10 28'5 --dc20 THEG ETTYC ONESRVATIINOSNT ITUTE TheG ettCyo nservIantsitoin(t GCuIte)a ,no perating progroafm tJh.Pe a uGle ttTyr uswta,sc reaitne1 d9 8t2o enhantcheqe u aloifct oyn servpartaicotinin tc hewe o rld todaBya.s eodn tbheel tiheaftt h bee st apptroco oancshe r vatiiosinn terdisctihpIeln isntaibrtryui,tn tego sg etthheer knowledgceo nsoefr vsactioernst,i satrhsti, s taonrdi ans. Throuagc ho mbinaotfii no-nh ouse aancdtc iovliltaibeos rativveen tuwrietsoh t hoerrg anizatthiIeon nsst,ip tluatyes ac atalryotltiehc ac to ntritbout theceso nservoafot uiro n cultuhrearli tTahgeIe n.s tiatiumttsoefu rthsecri entific reseatroic nhc,r ecaosnes ervtartaiiononip npgo rtunities, andt os trengctohmemnu nicaatmioonsngp ecialists. Contents Xl Prefac.e . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . Chapter 1 1 PlanAtn atomyA:n IllustrAaitdet do I dentification Mary-LEo.Fu l roian The ClassianfidcN aotmieconlna toufrP el ants 1 MorpholaongdDy e velopment 2 PlaMnotr pholo.gy.. 2 EmbryonDiecv elopment 3 PrimaTriys su.e s. . . . . . . 3 Arranmgeenotf P rimaTriys siuneP sl aPnatr ts 5 BasCiecl Tly peosfP rimaTriys su.e . . . . . 7 SecondTairsys ues 13 OrganizoaftS ieocno nrdyT aissiunea Ws o odSyt em 14 SecondXayrlye m. 15 SecdoanrPyh loem . . . . . . . . 18 Peride.rm. . . . . ... . . . . 19 ChemisatnrdSy t mctoufr et CheelW la ll 20 Reefrences 27 Chapter 2 29 IdentificaotfiP olna natn dA nimaMl ateriailnAs r tifacts Mary-LoEu.F lorian Sampli.ng. . . . . .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .... . .. . . 30 PreparaatnidSo tna inoifMn igc roscSolpiedo efBs a skeMtartye rials 31 MateriSaulpsp,la inedEs q,u ipment 32 CuttiSnegci otnosf tShaem pl.e . . . . . . . 33 OrientaotfSi eocnt i.o ns. . . . . . . . . . .3 3 Wet-MolPlrnetp araotfMi iocnr oscSolpied es 34 SliPdree paraotfAi rocnh aeolAorgtaiiccfMtaa lt erial 34 MethoodfsO bsveartio.n . . . . . . . . . 35 StainSianmgp les . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 . . PreparaLtaiboenl,i ngS,t oraanogdfSe l ides 37 StandaorfDd osc umenMtaetde rials 37 IdentifiocfaP tliaoannnt d A nimFailb ers .83 PlaHnati rs. . . . . .. . . . .93 PlaLneta afn dS teFmi bers .44 Protein oFfAi nbiemrOasrl i gin .25 IdentifiocfaP tliaoPnnat r atnsdT issue .75 StemRsoo,t leatnsdR, h izomes .75 MonocLoeta ves .36 SecoanrdPyh loem Tissue .66 TruBea rTki ssue . 17 WoodT issue .27 Wood Ori(gBirna nRcooht,o, r T runk) .57 CiteRdeef renc.es. .87 AdditiRoeandailn g .97 Chapter 3 83 Technoloogyf P lanMta teriaUlsse di nA rtifacts RuhtE .N orton GenerParlo cesPsrioncge dures .48 CultivaantdiH oanr vesting .48 Drying. . . .. . . .58 RettianngdC ooking .58 FibEexrt ract.i o.n . .68 WettianngdH eating .68 Blecahin.g . ... . .68 Dyeing .78 GenerCaoln struTcetcihonni ques .78 RemovaolfM aterial .78 Reshapi.n.g ...... . .88 Joining .98 InterwoorfkF iinbgea rnsdE lements .98 DeocratainodnF inis.h es. ... . . .79 CultuMroadli ficaotfAi rotnai cfts .89 PlaMnatt erUisaelidsn A rtaicfCto nstruction .99 StemTsr,u nkasn,dR oots .99 Leave.s. .. . 112 Seedasnd F ruit 125 Conclusion 133 Reefrenc.e s.. . .. 133 Chapter 4 139 DeterioraotfiAo rnt ifaMcatdse F romP lanMta terials DalPeau lK rnokright FactionrD se etriorat..i o .n. .. . .. 140 ConservaastD ieotnie orrat.i on. . 140 FocustihnSegt udoyf Deterioration 142 ProperatnidLe esv eolfs Organization 143 ProblemCaotnidci ti.o ns. . . . . . 144 DetieorratainodEn t hnograEpvhiidce nce 144
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