The Conduct of Inquiry PDF
Preview The Conduct of Inquiry
Conduct Inquiry of Conduct Inquiry of Methodology for Behavioral Science Abraham Kaplan With a new introduction by Charles Wolf, Jr. S3 Routledge jjj^^ Taylor & Francis Croup LONDON AND NEW YORK Originally published in 1964 by Chandler Publishing Company Published 1998 by Transaction Publishers Published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business New material this edition Copyright © 1998 by Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Catalog Number: 98-9628 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kaplan, Abraham, 1918-1993 The conduct of inquiry : methodology for behavioral science / Abra ham Kaplan. p. cm. Originally published: San Francisco : Chandler Pub. Co., 1964. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 0-7658-0448-4 (pbk. : alk. paper). 1. Social sciences—Methodology. I. Title. H61.K24 1998 300'.7'2—dc21 98-9628 CIP ISBN 13: 978-0-7658-0448-8 (pbk) To I.J. K. My Women of Valor CONTENTS Introduction to the Transaction Edition xv Preface . xix Introduction xxi /. METHODOLOGY Logic-in- Use and Reconstructed Logic . . Scientific Autonomy . Autonomy and Logic . . Logic and Psychology . justification . . Discovery . Techniques . Honorifics . . Methods in Methodology . The Myth of Methodology "Scientific Method" in Behavioral Science . Techniques . Schools . . .. Dilemmas . The Generality of Science . The Speciality of Behavioral Science. Contents II. CONCEPTS 5. The Empirical Basis . Semantic and Epistemic Empiricism Logical. Positivism . Operationism Pragmatism . 6. Functions of Concepts Terms . , Conceptions . Classifications . Concepts and Theories 7. Theoretical Terms . Reference to Direct Observation? . Reference to Indirect Observations Reference to Observables Reference to Theory . , T he Empirical-Theoretical Continuum The Functions of Terms 8. Openness of Meaning . Systemic Openness . Vagueness . Vagueness Dynamic Openness Premature Closure ofMeaning Definition Indication and Reduction . Precision and Reliability . The Progress of Specification . 10. Concepts in Behavioral Science T he Locus Problem . Collective Terms Types . . III. LAWS IL Functions of Lanjos 84 Identifications . 85 CONTENTS ix Suppositions and Presuppositions 86 Resources . 87 Assumptions and Hypotheses . . . . . . . 88 Facts and Laws 89 12. The Content of Laws . 94 Field, Range, Scope, and Content 94 Exceptions and Quasi Laws . 96 Trend, Tendency, and Approximation . . . . 97 Meaning 100 Priority 103 13. Types of Laws 104 Form 105 Content 109 Use 113 14. Laws in Behavioral Science . . . . . . . 115 Desirability . . . . . . . . . . 115 Possibility . . . . . . . 116 Free Will .121 Determinism. . . . . . . . . .. 121 Methodological Determinism . . . . . . . 124 IV. EXPERIMENT 15. The Process of Observation 126 Intersubjectivity . . . 127 Error 128 What is Observed 131 16. Observation in Behavioral Science 136 Interaction . . 136 Levels of Interpretation 139 Introspection and Identification 141 17. Functions of Experiment 144 What Experiments Can Do . . . . . .. 144 Kinds of Experiment 147 IS. The Structure of Experiment. . . . . . 155 Generalization . 155 Yield 157 Factors . . . . 158
The list of books you might like
