The Complete Guide to Physical Security

349 Pages·2012·16.99 MB·English

Business Management/Security
To adequately protect an organization, physical security must go beyond the “gates, guns, and
guards” mentality that characterizes most security programs. Creating a sound security plan
involves understanding not only security requirements but also the dynamics of the marketplace,
employee issues, and management goals. The Complete Guide to Physical Security discusses
the assets of a facility—people, building, and location—and the various means to protect them.
It emphasizes the marriage of technology and physical hardware to help those tasked with
protecting these assets to operate successfully in the ever-changing world of security.
The book covers specifc physical security technologies, such as intrusion detection, access
control, and video surveillance systems—including networked video. It addresses the reasoning
behind installations, how to work with contractors, and how to develop a central station for
monitoring. It also discusses government regulations for building secured facilities and SCIFs
The Complete Guide
(Sensitive Compartmented Information Facilities). Case examples demonstrate the alignment
of security program management techniques with not only the core physical security elements
and technologies but also operational security practices.
to Physical Security
The authors of this book have nearly 50 years combined experience in the security industry—
including the physical security and security management arenas. Their insights provide the
foundation for security professionals to develop a comprehensive approach to achieving Dr. Paul R. Baker, CPP • Dr. Daniel J. Benny, CPP
physical security requirements while also establishing leadership roles that help further the
overall mission of their organization.
www.crcpress.com
K10007
ISBN: 978-1-4200-9963-8
90000
9 781420 099638
w w w . c r c p r e s s . c o m
K10007_cvr mech.indd 1 10/11/12 4:21 PM
Baker
The Complete Guide to Physical Security
Benny
The Complete Guide
to Physical Security
The Complete Guide
to Physical Security
Dr. Paul R. Baker, CPP • Dr. Daniel J. Benny, CPP
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 2012928
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-9964-5 (eBook - PDF)
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Contents
Preface ..............................................................................................xv
The Authors ................................................................................... xvii
The Contributors ............................................................................ xix
1 Physical Security Planning ..........................................................1
Introduction .................................................................................................1
Setting the Stage ..........................................................................................3
Site Planning ................................................................................................4
Reviewing the Physical Design ...................................................................7
References ...................................................................................................9
2 Vulnerability Assessments .........................................................11
The Security Survey ..................................................................................11
Vulnerability Assessment ..........................................................................13
Developing a Vulnerability Assessment ...................................................16
Understanding the Threats .......................................................................19
Natural Threats ..................................................................................21
Man-Made Threats .............................................................................23
Making Adjustments ..................................................................................23
References .................................................................................................24
3 Security Design and Planning ...................................................25
Security Planning and Evaluation .............................................................25
Security Design Concepts .........................................................................30
Security Technologies ...............................................................................35
EASI Model ................................................................................................36
Adversary Sequence Diagram ...................................................................36
Working with Architects ...........................................................................37
Working with Contractors .........................................................................38
Have Basic Knowledge of Your World .............................................38
v
vi  ◾  Contents
Know What You Want ......................................................................38
Develop a Relationship .....................................................................39
Budget ................................................................................................39
Construction Review .................................................................................40
References .................................................................................................41
4 Security Construction Projects ..................................................43
New Construction .....................................................................................43
Initial Point of Access ...............................................................................46
Roadway Design........................................................................................46
Parking ......................................................................................................48
Parking Garages ................................................................................50
Open Area Parking ...........................................................................52
Loading Docks ..........................................................................................53
Signage ......................................................................................................54
Retroftting .................................................................................................55
References .................................................................................................57
5 Protection in Depth ...................................................................59
Protection-in-Depth Concepts ..................................................................59
Protection Plans ........................................................................................62
Evacuation Drills .......................................................................................64
Incident Response .....................................................................................68
Penetration Tests .......................................................................................70
Access Control Violation Monitoring ........................................................75
References .................................................................................................77
6 Perimeter Protection .................................................................79
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) ...................79
Protecting with CPTED Concepts ............................................................82
Barriers ......................................................................................................86
Fences ................................................................................................87
Gates ..................................................................................................88
Walls ..................................................................................................89
Lighting ......................................................................................................90
Types of Lighting Systems .................................................................91
Types of Lights ..................................................................................92
Infrared Illuminators .........................................................................94
References .................................................................................................95
Contents  ◾  vii
7 Access Control ...........................................................................97
Access Control ...........................................................................................97
Anti-Passback ............................................................................................99
Card Types .......................................................................................100
Access Control Head End .......................................................................100
Receptionist ..................................................................................... 101
Escort and Visitor Control ............................................................... 101
Guards .............................................................................................103
Turnstiles and Mantraps ..........................................................................105
References ...............................................................................................108
8 Physical Protection Systems ....................................................109
Doors .......................................................................................................109
Door Locks ...................................................................................... 110
Electric Locks ........................................................................... 110
Electric Strikes .......................................................................... 110
Magnetic Locks ........................................................................ 110
Windows ................................................................................................. 111
Types of Glass ................................................................................. 112
Glass-Break Sensors ........................................................................ 112
Interior Intrusion Detection Systems ...................................................... 113
Balanced Magnetic Switch (BMS) ................................................... 114
Motion-Activated Cameras .............................................................. 114
Acoustic Sensors .............................................................................. 115
Infrared Linear Beam Sensors ........................................................ 116
Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensors ........................................................ 116
Dual-Technology Sensors ................................................................ 117
Perimeter Intrusion Detection Systems .................................................. 118
Infrared Sensors .............................................................................. 119
Microwave Systems ......................................................................... 119
Coaxial Strain-Sensitive Cable .........................................................120
Time Domain Refectometry (TDR) Systems ..................................120
Video Content Analysis and Motion Path Analysis ........................120
References ...............................................................................................121
9 CCTV and IP Video ..................................................................123
STEVE SURFARO
The Essential Guide to Video Surveillance ............................................123
Video Surveillance Use Cases .................................................................124
viii  ◾  Contents
Video Surveillance Impacts Many Other Industries as Its Use
Expands ...........................................................................................125
Video Surveillance System Classifcations ..............................................126
Analog Video Systems Overview ....................................................127
IP Video Systems Overview ............................................................128
Image Capture Video Sources—Cameras ..............................................130
Analog Video Cameras ....................................................................130
IP Video Cameras ............................................................................ 131
Network Video PTZ Cameras ......................................................... 131
IP Video Encoders ...........................................................................132
Compression Technology Overview .......................................133
License Plate Capture (LPC) Cameras .............................................134
Cameras with “True” Day/Night Capability ....................................134
Cameras with Non-IR Sensitive Day/Night Capability or
“Chroma Mode Capability” .............................................................135
Thermal Cameras ............................................................................135
Progressive Scan CCD .....................................................................137
Lenses ......................................................................................................137
Varifocal Lens ..................................................................................137
Lighting ....................................................................................................137
Color Temperature...........................................................................138
Infrared Illumination .......................................................................138
Pixels, Imager Sizes, and Sensitivity ...............................................138
HDTV ......................................................................................................138
HDCCTV .......................................................................................... 141
HDTV Deployment Justifcation ..................................................... 143
Recording Systems .................................................................................. 143
Digital Video Recorders .................................................................. 143
Network Video Recorders ...............................................................144
Video Management Systems ...................................................................144
Video Surveillance and Cloud Computing .....................................144
The Solution ............................................................................. 145
Public Cloud ............................................................................. 147
Private Cloud ............................................................................ 147
Community Cloud ................................................................... 147
Hybrid Cloud ...........................................................................148
Video Control, Analysis, and Video Content Analysis Systems .............148
Video Analytics and Automated Object Detection ........................148
Content Analysis .............................................................................. 149