The Community Planning Handbook: How People Can Shape Their Cities, Towns and Villages in Any Part of the World (Tools for Community Planning)

241 Pages·2000·9.98 MB·English

by  Nick Wates

CPH pages i-21 10/7/06 12:41 Page i
Advance praise for “This publication is a major step towards a better
understanding of the processes whereby people can learn
The
from each other in helping to determine better planning for
Community
our future built environments. It brings together experience
Planning that exists in Britain with international experience from
across the globe. The layout brings a new standard of design
Handbook
excellence to the art of communication in this field. I highly
recommend it as a practical tool for communities and their
activists. It has a truly international perspective.”
Michael Parkes, Expert on Urban Policy to the European
Commission, Directorate General Development,
Brussels, Belgium
“The clear and concise copy as well as the very appealing
graphic formatting of the material make this an excellent
handbook which will be useful to so many different users in
so many ways.”
Tony Costello, Professor of Architecture,
Ball State University, USA
“Community planning is set to become partof the
mainstream planning process. Whether you are a developer,
aplanning professional or an active member of your
community,The Community Planning Handbookwill be an
invaluable guide in helping you choose and plan the
participatoryevents and structures to meet your needs.”
John Thompson, architect and community planner
“I like it and I like the format. It should be a useful tool
in the toolbox.”
Simon Croxton, International Institute for
Environment and Development
“An excellent book and well worth while.”
Rod Hackney,community architect
“Comprehensive and useful.”
Sonia Khan, Freeform Arts Trust
“A really useful document – I like the approach, layout
and methodology.”
Babar Mumtaz, Development Planning Unit, London
CPH pages i-21 10/7/06 12:41 Page ii
"A graphically pleasing publication in simple language that
will get across effectively to communities, empowering them
in the new ‘dharma’ – demand-driven planning and decision
making through a participatory process."
Vinay D. Lall, Director, Society for Development Studies,
New Delhi, India
“An excellent book that will have a host of valuable
applications – with sufficient detail for practitioners,
researchers, planners and policy makers. It is an important
and timely contribution.”
Jules Pretty, Director, Centre for Environment and Society,
University of Essex
“A very impressive piece of work. The Community Planning
Handbookshould be very useful to all sorts of people
working in this area. It's informative, clear and
straightforward.”
John Twigg, University College London
“Great layout, and helpful to lots of people and groups.”
Jack Sidener, Professor of Architecture,
Chinese University of Hong Kong
“Veryuseful indeed.”
Patrick Wakely, Professor of Urban Development,
University College London
“Absolutely brilliant.”
Margaret Wilkinson, Community Development Fieldworker,
Neighbourhood Initiatives Foundation
“Very useful in giving me the confidence to try something
new – I recommend it highly.”
Jez Hall, Manchester Community Technical Aid Centre
“It's excellent.”
Michael Hebbert, Professor of Town Planning,
University of Manchester
CPH pages i-21 10/7/06 12:41 Page iii
THE
COMMUNITY
PLANNING
HANDBOOK
“If you want to know how the shoe fits, ask the
person who is wearing it, not the one who made it.”
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CPH pages i-21 10/7/06 12:41 Page v
THE
COMMUNITY
PLANNING
HANDBOOK
How people can shape their
cities, towns and villages
in any part of the world
Compiled and edited by
Nick Wates
Designed by
Jeremy Brook
Published in association with
The Urban Design Group
The Prince’sFoundation
South Bank University, London
With the generous supportof
Department of the Environment, Transport
and the Regions, England
Department for International Development, UK
European Commission Humanitarian Office
CPH pages i-21 10/7/06 12:41 Page vi
The Community Planning Handbook For a full list of Earthscan publications please
How people can shape their cities, towns and contact:
villages in any part of the world.
Earthscan
Compiler and Editor: Nick Wates. 8-12 Camden High Street
Design and production: Jeremy Brook, London NW1 0JH, UK
Graphic Ideas, Hastings. Tel: [phone]
Cover design: Declan Buckley. Fax: [phone]
Advisory Group: Roger Bellers, John Billingham, Email: [email protected]
Roger Evans, Nick Hall, Birgit Laue, Arnold Linden, www.earthscan.co.uk
Jenneth Parker, David Lunts, Michael Mutter,
Earthscan publishes in association with the
Renate Ruether-Greaves, Jon Rowland,
International Institute for Environment and
Ros Tennyson, John Thompson, John F C Turner.
Development.
First published in the UK in 2000 by Earthscan
Reprinted 2006
See www.communityplanning.net for updates
Copyright © Nick Wates, 2000.
All rights reserved.
Acatalogue record for this book is available from
the British Library.
ISBN-13: 978-1-85383-654-1
ISBN-10: 1-85383-654-0
Published in association with:
The Urban Design Group;
The Prince’s Foundation;
South Bank University,London.
With the generous support of:
Department of the Environment, Transport and
the Regions, England;
Department for International Development, UK;
European Commission Humanitarian Office.
Printed and bound in Malta by Gutenberg Press.
Individual pages may be freely copied for use for
community planning activity providing the source
is visible on all copies.
This document is an output from a project
partially funded by the UK Department for
Cover photographs:
International Development (DFID) for the benefit
Mapping in Yellamanchilli, Adrapradesh, India, 1996
of developing countries. The views expressed are
Design workshop in Berlin, Germany, 1996
not necessarily those of the DFID or any of the
Design fest in Hong Kong, 1998
other supporting organisations.
Architecturecentrein London, UK, 1999
This book is printed on elemental chlorine free paper.
Frontispiece:
Freestanding quotations are from interviews by Design workshops at a planning weekend in
the editor unless otherwise indicated. Liverpool, UK, 1997
COMMUNITY PLANNING HANDBOOK
CPH pages i-21 10/7/06 12:41 Page vii
“I know of no safe depository of the ultimate “Community designers draw out of people
powers of society, but the people themselves; their heroic insights and find ways to
and if we think them not enlightened enough implement them.”
to exercise their control with a wholesome
Richard Meier, Architect,
discretion, the remedy is not take it from
Community Design Primer,1990
them, but to inform their discretion.”
Thomas Jefferson, architect and “When people feel they ‘belong’ to a
President of the United States, 1820 neighbourhood which is theirs through their
Letter to William Charles Jarvis own efforts, then it will become a place
which is worth struggling to retain and
“When dwellers control the major decisions develop. People will safeguard what they
and are free to make their own contribution have helped to create.”
to the design, construction or management
LordScarman and Tony Gibson,
of their housing, both the process and the
The Guardian,11 December 1991
environment produced stimulate individual
and social well-being.”
“Environmental issues arebest handled with
John FCTurner, Freedom to Build,1972 the participation of all concerned citizens, at
the relevant level. At the national level, each
“Public participation should be an individual shall have appropriate access to
indispensable element in human information... and the opportunity to
settlements, especially in planning strategies participate in decision making processes.
and in their formulation, implementation States shall facilitate and encourage public
and management; it should influence all awareness and participation by making
levels of government in the decision-making information widely available.”
process to further the political and economic
United Nations Rio Declaration,
growth of human settlements.”
Principle 10, 1992
Delegate communiqué, United Nations
Habitat 1 conference, Vancouver, 1976 “Community planning is a vehicle through
which we can hope to re-engage people
“The professionals need to consult the users with their community and with society.”
of their buildings more closely. The inhabitants
Charmian Marshall, Campaign Director,
have the local knowledge: they must not be
Urban Villages Forum, 1993
despised. People are not there to be planned
for; theyaretobe worked with… There
“Community involvement has been shown
must be one golden rule – we all need to be
to make a positive contribution to planning
involved together – planning and architecture
and development processes. At its best,
aremuchtoo important to be left to the
community involvement can enable:
professionals.”
processes to be speeded up; resources to be
HRH The Prince of Wales, used moreeffectively; product quality and
AVision of Britain,1989
CPH pages i-21 10/7/06 12:41 Page viii
feelings of local ownership to improve; Tony Blair, Prime Minister, Bringing
added value to emerge; confidence and Britain Together; a national strategy for
skills to increase – for all; conflicts to be Neighbourhood Renewal,1998
more readily resolved.”
“Community planning gave us the
Department of the Environment England,
opportunity to work alongside the powers
Summary of planning research
that be, have our say and feel, for the first
programme, 1994
time, that we were really being listened to.
Residents now feel much more connected
“Design participation is the best education a
with decision-making and things are really
community can get. The people herehave
beginning to improve around here.”
been involved down to the last nail and
screw. People round here know more about Sydoney Massop, Resident, South Acton
architecture than anywhere else in the Estate, Ealing, UK, 1999
country! It’s helped us to get what we want
and to get it right.” “Community participation lies right at the
heartof sustainable development. Sustainable
Tony McGann, Chair,Eldonian Community-
communities will take different forms from
based Housing Association, Liverpool,
place to place, but one thing that none of
Building homes people want,1994
them will be able to do without is a broad
and deep level of participation.”
“Putting cities back on the political agenda
is now fundamental. What’sneeded is Action Towards Local Sustainability,
greater emphasis on citizens’ participation in website introduction, 1999
city design and planning. We must put
communal objectives centre-stage.”
Sir Richard Rogers, Architect,
Reith Lecture, 1995
“This is a good time to be alive as a
development professional. For we seem to
be in the middle of a quiet but hugely
exciting revolution in learning and action.”
RobertChambers, Whose Reality
counts?,1997
“Experience shows that success depends on
communities themselves having the power
and taking the responsibility to make things
better. A new approach is long overdue. It
has to be comprehensive, long-termand
founded on what works.”
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Contents
Introduction 2
Why get involved? 4
Getting started 6
Book format 8
General principles A–Z 11
Methods A–Z 23
Scenarios A–Z 131
Appendices 165
Useful formats 166
Useful checklists 172
Glossary A–Z 181
Publications and film A–Z 203
Contacts A–Z 209
Credits 218
Photocredits 220
Feedback 221
Index 225