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The Color of War: How One Battle Broke Japan and Another Changed America PDF

521 Pages·2012·3.29 MB·English
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Preview The Color of War: How One Battle Broke Japan and Another Changed America

ALSO BY JAMES CAMPBELL The Final Frontiersman The Ghost Mountain Boys Copyright © 2012 by James Campbell All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Crown Publishers, an imprint of the Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. www.crownpublishing.com CROWN and the Crown colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Campbell, James. The color of war: how one battle broke Japan and another changed America / James Campbell. —1st ed. p. cm. 1. Port Chicago Mutiny, Port Chicago, Calif., 1944. 2. Port Chicago Mutiny Trial, San Francisco, Calif., 1944. 3. World War, 1939–1945—Participation, African American. 4. United States. Navy—African Americans—History—20th century. 5. World War, 1939–1945— Campaigns—New Guinea. I. Title. D810.N4C36 2012 940.54’5308996073079463—dc23 2011023913 eISBN: 978-0-30746123-0 Maps by Joe LeMonnier Jacket design by Gabriele Wilson Jacket photographs: (top) W. Eugene Smith/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images; (bottom) Schomburg Center, NYPL/Art Resource, NY v3.1_r1 In memory of my mother-in-law, Elaine DeGaetano Harvey Show me the two so closely bound As we, by the wet bond of blood. — ROBERT GRAVES I believe as long as we allow conditions to exist that make for second-class citizens, we are making of ourselves less than first-class citizens. — DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER CONTENTS Cover Other Books by This Author Title Page Copyright Dedication Epigraph A GUIDE TO THE BOOK’S MAJOR CHARACTERS MAPS FOREWORD PROLOGUE 1. “Another Sunday, Another Pearl Harbor Attack” 2. Big Dreams 3. Leaving Texas 4. Mosquitoes, Mud, and Mayhem 5. Semper Fi 6. Eleanor Roosevelt’s Niggers 7. The Right to Fight 8. The First 9. Port Chicago 10. Bombs for the Black Boys 11. Like a Dog on a Bone 12. A War of Their Own 13. A Desolate Place 14. Whom Are We Fighting This Time? 15. Waiting for War 16. Broken Promises 17. Ernie King’s Beloved Ocean (the Strategic Picture) 18. Baptism by Fire 19. Paradise 20. Camp Tarawa 21. Ernie King’s Victory 22. Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition 23. Where Young Men Go to Die 24. The Terrible Shore 25. A Long, Bitter Struggle 26. A Healthy Spirit of Competition 27. The Devil’s Backbone 28. Valley of the Shadow of Death Photo Insert 29. Tapotchau’s Heights 30. Gyokusai 31. Red Flags 32. Island of the Dead 33. Hot Cargo 34. End of the World 35. Down the Barrel of a Gun 36. Proving Mutiny 37. Putting the Navy on Trial 38. Punishing the Seamen 39. The Sins of a Nation EPILOGUE NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A GUIDE TO THE BOOK’S MAJOR CHARACTERS U.S. COMMAND STRUCTURE Admiral Ernest King: commander in chief, United States Fleet and Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Chester Nimitz: commander of the Pacific Fleet Admiral Raymond Spruance: commander of the United States 5th Fleet (originally the Central Pacific Force) Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner: commander of the Joint Expeditionary Force and Northern Attack Force and commander of the amphibious landing General Holland “Howlin’ Mad” Smith: commander V Amphibious Corps and commander of all expeditionary troops General Douglas MacArthur: commander in chief Southwest Pacific Area General George Marshall: U.S. Army chief of staff Frank Knox: secretary of the Navy James Forrestal: secretary of the Navy following Knox’s death Vice Admiral Randall Jacobs: chief of naval personnel SAIPAN Second Lieutenant Carl Roth: E Company, 23rd Regiment, 4th Marine Division Gunnery Sergeant Emberg Townsley: E Company Robert Graf: E Company, from Ballston Spa, New York Dick Crerar: E Company, Graf’s buddy Bill More: E Company, Graf’s buddy Lieutenant James Stanley Leary Jr: G Company, 23rd Regiment, 4th Marine Division, from Ashokie, North Carolina Sergeant Jack Campbell: G Company, platoon sergeant Carl Matthews: G Company, Gold Dust Twin, from Hubbard, Texas Richard Freeby: G Company, Gold Dust Twin, from Quanah, Texas Wendell Nightingale: G Company, from Skowhegan, Maine Sergeant John Rachitsky: “Bastard” Battalion, 29th Marines Frank “Chick” Borta: “Bastard” Battalion, 29th Marines, from Chicago Glen “Pluto” Brem: “Bastard” Battalion, 29th Marines, from Gilroy, California Richard Carney: “Bastard” Battalion, 29th Marines, from Bronx, New York Milt Lemon: “Bastard” Battalion, 29th Marines, from Texas Panhandle MONTFORD POINT Edgar Lee Huff: One of Montford Point’s first black recruits, from Gadsden, Alabama Colonel Samuel Woods: commanding officer of Montford Point PORT CHICAGO Black Seamen George Booth: carpenter striker, Division #4, from Detroit Sammie Lee Boykin: carpenter striker, ammunition handler and winch operator, Division #1, from Bessemer, Alabama Percy Robinson, Jr.: hold boss and winch operator, Division #4, from Chicago Spencer Sikes: boxcar inspector and shore patrol, from West Palm Beach, Florida Joe Small: cadence caller and winch operator, Division #4, from Middlesex County, New Jersey White Officers Lieutenant Ernest Delucchi: head of Division #4 Captain Nelson Goss: commanding officer at Mare Island and Port Chicago Lieutenant Commander Alexander Holman: head loading officer and officer in charge of training Captain Merrill Kinne: officer-in-charge of the Port Chicago Naval Magazine Lieutenant Commander Glen Ringquist: assistant loading officer Lieutenant Richard Terstenson: assistant loading officer Lieutenant James Tobin: head of Division #2 Lieutenant Raymond Robert “Bob” White: junior officer in charge of Division #3 KEY FIGURES OF ALLEGED MUTINY AND TRIAL Black Seamen Ollie Green: witness for the defense Joseph Gray: witness for the prosecution Edward Longmire: witness for the defense

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From the acclaimed World War II writer and author of The Ghost Mountain Boys, an incisive retelling of the key month, July 1944, that won the war in the pacific and ignited a whole new struggle on the home front. In the pantheon of great World War II conflicts, the battle for Saipan is often forgot
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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.