The Collected Works of Aron Gurwitsch (1901-1973): Volume III: The Field of Consciousness: Theme, Thematic Field, and Margin

571 Pages·2010·3.723 MB·English

by  Aron Gurwitsch (auth.), Richard M. Zaner (eds.)

THECOLLECTEDWORKSOFARONGURWITSCH(1901–1973)
VolumeIII:TheFieldofConsciousness:PhenomenologyofTheme,
ThematicField,andMarginalConsciousness
PHAENOMENOLOGICA
SERIESFOUNDEDBYH.L.VANBREDAANDPUBLISHEDUNDERTHEAUSPICES
OFTHEHUSSERL-ARCHIVES
194
ARONGURWITSCH
THE COLLECTED WORKS OF ARON GURWITSCH
(1901–1973)
Volume III: The Field of Consciousness: Phenomenology of
Theme, Thematic Field, and Marginal Consciousness
EditorialBoard:
Director: U. Melle (Husserl-Archief, Leuven) Members: R. Bernet (Husserl-Archief,
Leuven) R. Breeur (Husserl-Archief, Leuven) S. IJsseling (Husserl-Archief, Leuven)
H. Leonardy (Centre d’études phénoménologiques, Louvain-la-Neuve) D. Lories
(CEP/ISP/Collège Désiré Mercier, Louvain-la-Neuve) J. Taminiaux (Centre d’études
phénoménologiques, Louvain-la-Neuve) R. Visker (Catholic University Leuven,
Leuven)
AdvisoryBoard:
R. Bernasconi (The Pennsylvania State University), D. Carr (Emory University,
Atlanta), E.S. Casey (State University of New York at Stony Brook), R. Cobb-Stevens
(BostonCollege),J.F.Courtine(Archives-Husserl,Paris),F.Dastur(UniversitédeParis
XX), K. Düsing (Husserl-Archiv, Köln), J. Hart (Indiana University, Bloomington),
K. Held (Bergische Universität Wuppertal), K.E. Kaehler (Husserl-Archiv, Köln),
D.Lohmar(Husserl-Archiv,Köln),W.R.McKenna(MiamiUniversity,Oxford,USA),
J.N.Mohanty(TempleUniversity,Philadelphia),E.W.Orth(UniversitätTrier),C.Sini
(Università degli Studi di Milano), R. Sokolowski (Catholic University of America,
WashingtonD.C.),B.Waldenfels(Ruhr-Universität,Bochum)
Forfurthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/6409
ARON GURWITSCH
THE COLLECTED WORKS OF
ARON GURWITSCH (1901–1973)
GurwitschEditionCommittee:LesterEmbree,FredKersten,
AlexandreMétraux,andRichardM.Zaner
Volume III
TheFieldofConsciousness:PhenomenologyofTheme,
ThematicField,andMarginalConsciousness
Editedby
RichardM.Zaner
and
LesterEmbree
123
Editors
Prof.RichardM.Zaner Prof.LesterEmbree
18231BarbudaLane 102DixieBlvd
HoustonTX77058-3401 DelrayBeach,FL33444
USA USA
[email protected] [email protected]
ISSN0079-1350
ISBN978-90-481-3345-1 e-ISBN978-90-481-3346-8
DOI10.1007/978-90-481-3346-8
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010920278
©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2010
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by
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Inmemoryof
AlfredSchutz
thenobleman,scholar,andfriend
PREFACE
TheFrenchversionofthisbook,Théorieduchampdelaconscience(1957),
appearedundertheauspicesoftheInternationalPhenomenologicalSociety.
This present version appears through the collaboration of the staff of the
DuquesneStudies,PsychologicalSeries.
In writing this book, I wanted to make it a phenomenological study,
not a book about phenomenology. The intention was to advance cer-
tain phenomenological problems rather than to present a survey of or
a report on phenomenology. My point of view is that of the phenome-
nologist at work, not of an observer of a methodology from without.
While it appeared desirable to expound in a detailed manner some of
Husserl’s notions and theories which have importance for phenomenol-
ogy as a whole, I have confined my treatment to those which have direct
andimmediatereferencetotheproblemstreatedinthisstudy.
Themanuscriptofthisbookwascompletedin1953beforetheappear-
ance of several volumes of Husserliana among which vol. VI, Die Krisis
der Europäischen Wissenschaften und die transzendentale Phänomenologie
(1954),andvol.IX,PhänomenologischePsychologie(1962),haveparticular
bearing upon the problems dealt with in this book. Also the most recent
presentation of Gestalt theory by W. Metzger, Psychologie (1st ed. 1940,
2nded.1954)didnotcometomyattentionbeforethecompletionofthe
manuscript. Allowance for these publications and also for those of some
contemporary phenomenologists and writers on phenomenology, which
appeared since 1953, would not have necessitated substantial modifica-
tions or revisions of the theses here advocated. On the contrary, I found
them confirmed. However, it would have entailed lengthy additions and
elaborationsandwouldthushavemeantmuchtime-consumingwork.So
as not to delay its publication, and also because in the meantime I have
embarked upon other work, I decided to publish the present book in its
initialformasof1953.
vii
viii preface
I wish to acknowledge my obligation to some organizations for their
help during a most difficult period of my life. While I was living in
France, the Comité Pour les savants étrangers (founded and presided over
by Sylvain Lévy), the Comité d’accueil et d’organisation de travail pour les
savants étrangers résidant en France (whose president was Paul Langevin),
and the Caisse nationale de la recherche scientifique made it possible for
me to continue my studies, parts of which resulted in the present book.
In the United States, I received generous assistance from the American
PhilosophicalSociety(PenroseFund)andtheAmericanCouncilforÉmigrés
in the Professions to whose Executive Director, Mrs. Else Staudinger, I
expressmygratitude.
I wish to thank my friend and colleague, Dr. Dorion Cairns for his
kind help in rendering into English passages of Husserl from writings
other than Cartesianische Meditationen of which he has published an
excellenttranslation(CartesianMeditations,1960).
Author and readers are indebted to Dr. Edward W. Hogan of
DuquesneUniversityforhispainstaking careinrevisingmymanuscript.
NewYork,November15,1962 AronGurwitsch
The publication of this book was [originally] made possible by the
National Science Foundation, which awarded a subvention for this
purposetoDuquesneUniversityPress.
CONTENTS
PREFACE vii
THE FIELD OF CONSCIOUSNESS
EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION xv
AUTHOR’S INTRODUCTION 1
PART ONE GENERAL PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION
IN CONSCIOUSNESS
CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM OF DIMENSIONAL
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONJUNCTIONS
OF PHASES OF EXPERIENCE 13
§
I. SerialandDimensionalDifferences 13
§
II. TheProblemofDimensionalDifferencesand
thePhilosophyofRadicalEmpiricism 15
§
III. James’sDescriptionoftheFieldofConsciousness 19
CHAPTER II. ORIGIN OF ORGANIZATION 23
§
I. James’s“SensibleTotals”andTheirDissociation 23
§
II. OrganizationasanAutochthonousFeatureofExperience 28
§
III. TheProblemofOrganizationinPiaget’sPsychology 34
§
IV. ReformulationoftheProblemofOrganization 49
CHAPTER III. GROUPING AND ORGANIZATION
OF SENSE-DATA 55
§
I. vonEhrenfels’sConceptofForm-Qualities 55
§
II. TheoriesoftheSchoolofGraz 58
§
III. SensuousQualitiesofaHigherOrder 68
ix
x contents
PART TWO SOME PRINCIPLES OF GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER I. SOME PRINCIPLES OF GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY 85
§
I. TheConstancy-HypothesisandItsAbandonment 85
§
II. Dependence of Perception on External and
InternalConditions 90
§
III. OnAcquisitionbyExperience 94
§
IV. ReformulationoftheProblemofGestalt(Form)Qualities 102
§
V. TypesofGestalt-Contextures 103
§
VI. FunctionalSignificance 111
§
VII. OnSuccessiveComparison 120
§
VIII. Gestalt-Coherence 128
§
IX. Bergson’sConceptof“QualitativeMultiplicities” 135
§
X. WholesandParts 139
§
XI. TheLawofGoodContinuation 145
PART THREE SOME FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF
CONSTITUTIVE PHENOMENOLOGY
CHAPTER I. SOME FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF
CONSTITUTIVE PHENOMENOLOGY 151
§
I. ThePsychologicalandthePhenomenological
ApproachtoConsciousness 151
§
II. TheRootofTheConstancy-Hypothesis 155
§
III. ThePhenomenologicalReduction 158
§
IV. Phenomenological Interpretation of the
DismissaloftheConstancy-Hypothesis 162
§
V. ThePerceptualNoema 167
§
VI. James’sConceptof“Object”ofThoughtand
Husserl’sConceptofNoema 178
§
VII. ProblemsofIdeation 183
PART FOUR PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY OF
PERCEPTION
CHAPTER I. THE PERCEPTUAL PROCESS 195
§
I. PerceptualAdumbration 195
§
II. EssentialInsufficiencyofEverySinglePerception 197
§
III. TheConditionoftheUnityofthePerceptualProcess 200
§
IV. OpenInfinityofthePerceptualProcess 206
§
V. CharacterizationofthePerceptualProcessin
TermsofGestaltTheory 209
§
VI. SomePrinciplesofTranscendentalPhenomenology 212