The cold war and conflic in Angola and Ethiopia 1975-1991 PDF
Preview The cold war and conflic in Angola and Ethiopia 1975-1991
Atlanta University Center DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center ETD Collection for AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library 7-1-2011 The cold war and conflic in Angola and Ethiopia 1975-1991: a world systems theory comparison Lee C. Jones Clark Atlanta University Follow this and additional works at:http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations Part of thePolitical Science Commons Recommended Citation Jones, Lee C., "The cold war and conflic in Angola and Ethiopia 1975-1991: a world systems theory comparison" (2011).ETD Collection for AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library.Paper 317. This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in ETD Collection for AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center. For more information, please [email protected]. THE COLD WAR AND CONFLICT IN ANGOLA AND ETHIOPIA 1975 1991: - A WORLD SYSTEMS THEORY COMPARISON A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF CLARK ATLANTA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY LEE C. JONES DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE ATLANTA, GEORGIA JULY2011 © 2011 LEE C. JONES All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am extremely thankful to Drs. Ledgister, Gibrill and DeJanes whose encouragement, supervision and support from the preliminary to the concluding level enabled me to develop my understanding ofthe subject. I am also supremely grateful for the patience of my wife, daughter and son who have toiled with me on this project. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ii List ofFigures iii List ofAbbreviations iv Chapter One Introduction 1 — Research Question 6 Statement ofthe Problem 7 Object ofthe study 10 Methodology 13 Significance ofthe Study 16 Hypothesis 18 Theoretical framework 19 Concepts 22 Scope and limits ofthe study 25 Chapter Two Literature Review 28 - Traditionalists 30 Revisionists 44 Post Revisionists 56 Chapter Three Soviet foreignpolicy, the American response and African nationalis. .63 - . Soviet Foreign Policy in Africa 65 The United States’ Response in Africa 79 African Nationalism 88 Chapter Four Ethiopia and Angola 106 - World Systems Approach 106 . Pre- 1974 Revolution Ethiopia 111 — Political change 1974 coup against Haile Selassie 117 - Conflict within the periphery Ethiopia 120 — Conflict within the core/semi-periphery Soviet Union and China 137 — Conflict within the core/semi-periphery United States and France 143 — Pre- 1975 Revolution Angola 148 - Conflict within the core/semi-periphery Portugal and the West 157 - Political Change 1975 independence Angola 160 — Conflict within the core/semi-periphery United States and South Africa 163 — Conflict in the core/semi-periphery Soviet Union and Cuba 170 - Conflict within the periphery South Africa and Cuba 176 — Chapter Five Comparison and Conclusions 185 — Comparison Scale 190 Conclusions 207 The Way Forward 214 Bibliography 231 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Angola and Ethiopiapre 1974/75 198 2. Political Change 1974 and 1975 200 3. Core and Semi-Periphery Interactions 203 4. Conflict within the Periphery 206 111 List ofAbbreviations ANC African National Congress CCP Convention People’s Party CIA Central Intelligence Agency CPSU Communist Party ofthe Soviet Union EDU Ethiopian Democratic Union ELF Eritrean Liberation Front EPLF Eritrean People’s Liberation Front EPRP Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Movement FAR Cuba’s Revolutionary Armed Forces FLEC Front for the Liberation ofthe Enclave ofCabinda FNLA National Front for the Liberation ofAngola FRELIMO Liberation Front ofMozambique Me’ison All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement MLSTP Movement for the Liberation ofSão Tome and PrIncipe MPLA The Popular Movement for the Liberation ofAngola NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization OAU Organization ofAfrican Unity OPEC Organization ofthe Petroleum Exporting Countries PAIGC African Party for the Independence ofGuinea and Cape Verde PDG Democratic Party ofGuinea PMAC Provisional Military Administrative Council iv POMOARDA Democratic African Assembly RENAMO MozambicanNational Resistance SIPRI Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SNA Somali National Alliance SWAPO South West Africa Peopl&s Organization TLF Tigrean Liberation Front TPLF Tigray People’s Liberation Front UGCC United Gold Coast Convention UPNA Popular Union ofNorthern Angola UNITA National Union for the Total Independence ofAngola UPC Cameroon Peoples Union WSLF Western Somali Liberation Front ZANU Zimbabwe AfricanNational Union CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION It is the purpose ofthis work to compare the effects ofthe Cold War on the politics and political economy ofAngola and Ethiopia between 1975 and 1991. This discussion will view the many phases ofthe Cold War from 1945 to 1990 as an inter-core rivalry between the competing blocs ofthe two superpowers emergent after World War II. African states fought their colonizers, obtained their independence, embarked upon new state experiments, staffed new governments and struggled to develop all within the international context ofthe Cold War. Clearly, throughout this time, as in centuries past, African governments, economies and African peoples have been strongly influenced by outside forces. The onset ofthe 1990s and the end ofthe Cold War did not bring about the “end ofhistory,” but it did reveal the strains ofthe recent past. In 1964, ChéGuevara asserted that “it mustbe clearly understood that the only way to solve the questions now besetting mankind is to eliminate completely the exploitation of independent countries by developed capitalist countries, with all the consequences that this implies.”2 Insert communist countries into this equation and this system of ‘Francis Fukuyama, “The End ofHistory?” TheNationalInterest, (Summer, 1989) http://www.wesjones.com/eoh.htrn (accessed September 1, 2009). 2 As quoted in Walter Rodney, HowEurope UnderdevelopedAfrica(Washington, D.C.: Howard UniversityPress, 1974), 3. 1
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