The Cold War (1945-1991)

576 Pages·2016·3.372 MB·English

by  Michael Shally-Jensen

TDD
hEE
FF
eII
NN

CININ DEFINING DOCUMENTS
oGG
ld D D IN AMERICAN HISTORY
OO

WCC
UU
The
aMM
rEE
NN
1( TT
9 SS
4 I I
5 NN
-1 A A Cold War
9
9 MM
1
) EE
RR
II
CC
AA
NN

HH (1945-1991)
II
SS
TT
OO
RR
YY
1
2-VOLUME SET VOLUME 1
978-1-61925-858-7 978-1-68217-391-6
Two University Plaza, Suite 310 SALEM
PRESS
Hackensack NJ 07601
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
About the pagination of this eBook

This eBook contains a multi-volume set.

To navigate the front matter of this eBook by page number, you will
need to use the volume number and the page number, separated by a
hyphen.

For example, to go to page v of volume 1, type “1-v” in the Go box at
the bottom of the screen and click "Go."

To go to page v of volume 2, type “2-v”… and so forth.

DDEEFFIINNIINNGG DDOOCCCUUUMMEENNTTSS
IN AMMEERRIICCAANN HHIISSTORY
((111994455--11999911))

DEFINING DOCUMENTS
IN AMERICAN HISTORY
The Cold War
(1945-1991)
Editor
Michael Shally-Jensen, PhD
VOLUME 1
SALEM PRESS
A Division of EBSCO Information Services
Ipswich, Massachusetts
GREY HOUSE PUBLISHING
Copyright ©2016, by Salem Press, A Division of EBSCO Information Services, Inc., and Grey House Publishing,
Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information stor-
age and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. For permissions requests, contact
[email protected].
∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed
Library Materials, Z39.48 1992 (R2009).
Publisher’s Cataloging-In-Publication Data
(Prepared by The Donohue Group, Inc.)
Names: Shally-Jensen, Michael, editor.
Title: The Cold War (1945-1991) / editor, Michael Shally-Jensen, PhD.
Other Titles: Defining documents in American history (Salem Press)
Description: [First edition]. | Ipswich, Massachusetts : Salem Press, a division of EBSCO Information Services
; [Amenia, New York] : Grey House Publishing, [2016] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: ISBN 978-1-61925-858-7 (set) | ISBN 978-1-68217-391-6 (vol. 1) | ISBN 978-1-68217-392-3 (vol.
2)
Subjects: LCSH: Cold War--Sources. | United States--Politics and government--1945-1989--Sources. | United
States--Foreign relations--Soviet Union--Sources. | Soviet Union--Foreign relations--United States--Sources.
| World politics--1945-1989--Sources.
Classification: LCC E813 .C65 2016 | DDC 973.918--dc23
FIRST PRINTING
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Table of Contents
Publisher’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix
Editor’s Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
VOLUME 1
Postwar Cold War
Potsdam Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Stalin’s Election Speech, 1946 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Churchill’s “ Iron Curtain” Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Truman Doctrine Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Speech on the Marshall Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
“The Sources of Soviet Content” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Treaty) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Vyshinky’s Speech to the UN General Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
NATO Treaty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Memorandum on Lifting the Soviet Blockade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Dean Acheson on the “Loss” of China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Atomic Explosion in the USSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
International Control of Atomic Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
NSC 68: “United States Objectives and Programs for National Security” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Report to the American People on Korea and US Policy in the Far East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Statement by President Truman upon Signing the Mutual Security Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
President Eisenhower—“The Chance for Peace” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States and the Republic of Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
A “New Look” at National Defense Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
“Atoms for Peace” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
CIA Summary of the Overthrow of Premier Mossadeq of Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
Balkan Pact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138
President Eisenhower to the President of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
Baghdad Pact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150
President Sukarno's Address at the Bandung Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154
Warsaw Pact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163
v
Khrushchev on the “Cult of Personality” and Its Consequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
Senator John F. Kennedy on America’s Stake in Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
Resolution of Hungarian Student Protestors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
Mao on the “Correct Handling of Contradictions among the People” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
Launching of the Sputnik Satellite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
Eisenhower on Science in National Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
“Communism in the Americas” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
Fidel Castro’s Speech at Twenty-One Nations Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
Nixon and Khrushchev: The Kitchen Debate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
Antarctic Treaty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224
R ed Scare
Executive Order 9835 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
Testimony of J. Edgar Hoover before the House Un-American Activities Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241
Ronald Reagan’s Testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
Testimony Regarding Communist Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251
Testimony of Whittaker Chambers (Excerpted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256
Senator Joseph McCarthy’s Speech to the Republican Women's Club of Wheeling, West Virginia . . . . . . . .262
“Declaration of Conscience” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266
Rosenberg Case Excerpts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272
In the Matter of J. R obert Oppenheimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280
Censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287
VOLUME 2
Escalation and Détente
The U2 Spy-Plane—Excerpts of a Speech by Khrushchev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293
Eisenhower’s Farewell Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298
Telegram from the US Mission in Berlin regarding the Sealing-off of East Berlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303
Fidel Castro: Second Declaration of Havana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307
JFK: “We Choose to Go to the Moon” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311
JFK: Report on the Soviet Arms Buildup in Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316
vi
JFK: “A Strategy of Peace” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322
JFK: “Ich bin ein Berliner” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329
Televised Interview with President Kennedy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333
Limited Test Ban Treaty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339
On Alleged Soviet and Cuban Connections with Lee Harvey Oswald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347
LBJ: “Peace Without Conquest” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351
Treaty on the Exploration and Use of Outer Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358
The “Two Thousand Words” Manifesto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364
Nixon on the “Silent Majority” and “Vietnamization” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378
Kissinger Memo regarding Policy toward Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384
Nuclear Accidents Measures Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391
Documents Relating to Normalization of Relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China . . .395
Biological Weapons Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406
Jackson-Vanik Amendment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412
Helsinki Accords (Excerpt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416
Margaret Thatcher’s “ Iron Lady” Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419
US Contingency Plans in Light of Cuban-Soviet Intervention in Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426
Charter 77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431
SALT II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436
End Game
Documents Relating to the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .443
CIA Cable on the Situation in Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448
Ronald Reagan's “Evil Empire” Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452
Able Archer ‘83: The Soviet “War Scare” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459
Ronald Reagan on the Strategic Defense Initiative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467
Ronald Reagan's “Tear Down This Wall” Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478
Mikhail Gorbachev's UN Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490
US Embassy Cables Concerning the Crackdown on Tiananmen Square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498
Egon Krenz Letter to Mikhail Gorbachev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503

Gorbachev’s Farewell Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .506
vii