The Clinician's Guide to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder PDF
Preview The Clinician's Guide to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
The Clinician’s Guide to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder This page intentionally left blank The Clinician’s Guide to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Edited by Eric A. Storch Joseph F. McGuire Dean McKay AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 125LondonWall,LondonEC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom 525BStreet,Suite1800,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,UnitedStates 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom ©2018ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans, electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageand retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseek permission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangements withorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensing Agency,canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions. Thisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythe Publisher(otherthanasmaybenotedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperience broadenourunderstanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedical treatmentmaybecomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgein evaluatingandusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein. Inusingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafety ofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors, assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproducts liability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products, instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978-0-12-811427-8 ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:NikkiLevy AcquisitionEditor:DennisMcGonagle EditorialProjectManager:KarenR.Miller ProductionProjectManager:PunithavathyGovindaradjane CoverDesigner:MarkRogers TypesetbySPiGlobal,India To those struggling with OCD either in themselves oralovedone;itismygreathopethatthisbookcan make a difference in your lives. And, for my loved ones who inspire and support me each day (JFS, MLS, NRS, and EMS). —Eric A. Storch For Ariel and Lilly, my unwavering sources of support,andforallofthechildrenandfamilieswho have served as the sources of inspiration for this book. —Joseph F. McGuire For my mentors, in graduate school and in the academy. —Dean McKay This page intentionally left blank Contents Contributors xvii 1. Introduction 1 EricA.Storch,JosephF.McGuire,andDeanMcKay References 4 2. Diagnosing Childhood OCD 7 EllaL.Oar,CarlyJohnco,andCynthiaM.Turner DevelopmentalConsiderations 9 CommonOCDSymptomPresentations 10 Contamination(ContaminationObsessionsandCleaning Compulsions) 10 Symmetry(SymmetryObsessionsandRepeating,Ordering andCountingCompulsions) 11 ForbiddenorTabooThoughts(Aggressive,Sexual,orReligious ObsessionsandRelatedCompulsions) 11 Hoarding 12 OtherMiscellaneousSymptoms 12 DifferentialDiagnosisandComorbidity 12 GeneralizedAnxietyDisorder 16 Illness/Health-RelatedAnxietyandEmetophobia 17 BodyDysmorphicDisorder 18 EatingDisorders 18 TicDisorders 19 AutismSpectrumDisorder 21 OtherIssuesinDiagnosis 22 RiskAssessment 22 PediatricAcute-OnsetNeuropsychiatricSyndrome 23 Conclusions 23 References 24 vii viii Contents 3. Psychoeducation for Children, Parents, and Family Members About Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Cognitive Behavior Therapy 29 GudmundurSkarphedinssonandBernhardWeidle OCDInformation 30 BasicPrinciples 30 DevelopmentalConcerns 31 NormalizeOCD 32 AnxietyResponse 33 FalseAlarm 33 ExternalizingOCD 34 CausesofOCD 34 BiologicalModel 36 CognitiveBehavioralModel 38 GeneticModel 39 IntegratedModel:NeurobiologicalBehaviorModel 40 CBTRationaleandDefinitions 40 TreatmentRationale 40 ExposureandResponsePrevention 41 Disgust 43 MetacognitivePerspective 43 CBTandMedications 44 Challenging/ComplexIssues 46 FamilyFunction/FamilyAccommodation 46 PoorMotivation 46 PoorInsight 47 LimitedCognitiveCapacity 47 Comorbidity 48 Conclusions 49 References 50 4. Assessment of Children With OCD 55 MichelleRozenmanandR.LindseyBergman InitialConsiderationsandComponentsofAssessment 55 DeterminingOCDDiagnosis,CooccurringPsychopathology,and DifferentialDiagnosis 57 InitialOCDSymptomPrompts 57 OCDDiagnosis 58 HoardingDisorder 59 DifferentialDiagnosisandCooccurringPsychopathology 60 DiagnosticandSymptomSeverityAssessmentTools 60 OCDSeverity 61 OrganizationoftheClinicalInterview—DiagnosticandOCDSeverity Assessments 63 ChallengesandComplexIssuesinAssessment 63 Contents ix YouthAgeandCognitiveDevelopment 63 ReconcilingYouthandParentReports 64 ParentalOCDorOtherMentalHealthProblems 64 FamilialandCulturalConsiderations 64 YouthandParentOCDSymptomQuestionnaires 65 OCDSymptomsandSeverity 65 AssociatedCharacteristicsofOCD:YouthandParentReports 67 Impairment 68 InsightandCognition 68 FamilyFunctioningandAccommodation 69 ConcludingRemarks 70 References 70 FurtherReading 73 5. Developing Exposure Hierarchies 75 DeanMcKay DevelopingExposureHierarchies 75 GettingOriented:AssessingSymptomsDomainsforHierarchy Development 76 APhenomenologicalPerspectiveonHierarchies 76 TheNutsandBolts 77 DevelopingtheHierarchy 78 HierarchyDevelopmentforComplexSymptoms 80 AllorNothingReportsofFear 81 NotJustRightExperiences/Incompleteness 82 LongDelayinConsequences 82 DistressIsNotAlwaysFear 84 SymptomsThatProvokeDiscomfortinClinicians 85 Conclusions 86 References 87 6. Developing and Implementing Exposure Treatment in Youth Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms 89 DeanMcKay AftertheHierarchy:GettingStartedonERP 90 IllustrativeExample1:OverorUnderestimationofDistress 90 IllustrativeExample2:EmbeddedHierarchyItems 91 IllustrativeExample3:UnfoundedBravery 91 DoesExposureNeedtobeScary? 92 ExpectancyViolations 92 ReinforcedExtinction 93 AffectLabeling 94 ExposureinMultipleContexts 95 BetweenSessionReinforcement 96 AnatomyofaSession 99
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