A L - B U S T A N I , H A N S S E N , S A F I E D D I N The Clarion E | T H E of Syria C L A R I O N A PATRIOT’S CALL AGAINST O F THE CIVIL WAR OF 1860 S Y R I A BUTRUS AL-BUSTANI INTRODUCED AND TRANSLATED BY JENS HANSSEN AND HICHAM SAFIEDDINE FOREWORD BY USSAMA MAKDISI The publisher and the University of California Press Foundation gratefully acknowledge the generous support of the Simpson Imprint in Humanities. The Clarion of Syria Luminos is the Open Access monograph publishing program from UC Press. Luminos provides a framework for preserving and rein- vigorating monograph publishing for the future and increases the reach and visibility of important scholarly work. Titles published in the UC Press Luminos model are published with the same high standards for selection, peer review, production, and marketing as those in our traditional program. www.luminosoa.org The Clarion of Syria A Patriot’s Call against the Civil War of 1860 Butrus al-Bustani Introduced and Translated by Jens Hanssen and Hicham Safieddine Foreword by Ussama Makdisi university of california press University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Oakland, California © 2019 by Jens Hanssen and Hicham Safieddine This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC license. To view a copy of the license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Hanssen, Jens, author & translator. | Safieddine, Hicham, author & translator. | Makdisi, Ussama Samir, 1968- writer of foreword. | Container of (expression): Bustani, Butrus ibn Bulus, 1818 or 1819–1882 or 1883. Nafir Suriyah. English. Title: The Clarion of Syria : a patriot’s call against the civil war of 1860 / by Butrus Al-Bustani ; translated by Jens Hanssen and Hicham Safieddine; foreword by Ussama Makdisi. Description: Oakland, California : University of California Press, 2019 | Includes bibliographical references and index. | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license. To view a copy of the license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/ licenses | Identifiers: LCCN 2018048201 (print) | LCCN 2018052309 (ebook) | ISBN 9780520971158 (Epub) | ISBN 9780520299436 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Bustani, Butrus ibn Bulus, 1818 or 1819–1882 or 1883. Nafir Suriyah. | Bustani, Butrus ibn Bulus, 1818 or 1819–1882 or 1883. | Syria—History—19th century. Classification: LCC PN5449.L42 (ebook) | LCC PN5449.L42 B87 2019 (print) | DDC 079.5691—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018048201 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The worst thing under the firmament is war, and the most horrendous among them are civil wars. Nafir Suriyya, Clarion 5, November 1, 1860 contents Acknowledgments xi Foreword by Ussama Makdisi xiii Introduction: Translating Civil War Jens Hanssen and Hicham Safieddine 1 part i: the clarion of syria: the context Chapter 1: The War of 1860: Roots and Ramifications Jens Hanssen and Hicham Safieddine 13 Chapter 2: Butrus al-Bustani: From Protestant Convert to Ottoman Patriot and Arab Reformer Jens Hanssen and Hicham Safieddine 23 Chapter 3: Nafir Suriyya in Arab Historiography Jens Hanssen 35
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