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the Christian Catholic Church in Zion PDF

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Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1990 From sect to cult to sect: the Christian Catholic Church in Zion Warren Jay Beaman Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at:https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of theHistory of Religion Commons,Religion Commons, and theSociology Commons Recommended Citation Beaman, Warren Jay, "From sect to cult to sect: the Christian Catholic Church in Zion " (1990).Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 9480. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/9480 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please [email protected]. MICROFILMED 1991 INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfihn master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the ccpy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 Nortti Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 0110482 From sect to cult to sect: The Christian Catholic Church in Zion Seaman, Warren Jay, Ph.D. Iowa State University, 1990 U M I SOON.ZcebRd. Ann Aibor, MI 48106 From sect to cult to sect: The Christian Catholic Church in Zion by Warren Jay Beaman A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department: Sociology and Anthropology Major; Sociology Approved; Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. Foç/^he Graduate College Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1990 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 Statement of Purpose 1 Methodology 4 Biographical Sketch of John Alexander Dowie 9 Cults and Cult Leaders 15 CHAPTER II; CULT AND SECT LITERATURE . . 19 Defining the Cult and Sect 19 Stark and Bainbridge 19 Keith Roberts 23 The Genesis Variable 28 The Tension Variable 32 The Leadership Variable and Separation Variable . . 34 The Charismatic Leader 35 Separation .............. 37 Synthesis 37 Cult or Sect; Who Cares? 39 CHAPTER III: FROM SECT TO CULT TO SECT 42 The Deviant Character of Dowie's Religious Movement 43 Deviance Indicators 44 Temperance 46 Divine Healing 46 Dietary Restrictions and Health Laws 49 Pacifism 52 Communal ism 53 Women in Ministry 56 Interracial Marriage 57 British Israelis# 58 Millenarianism 60 Restoration of the Wicked 62 Centrality of Dowie as Prophet, Apostle, and Ruler 62 The Elijah Declaration 62 The First Apostle 70 Polygamy 71 Analysis and Summary 78 CHAPTER IV: MODELS OF CULT FORMATION 80 Subcultural-evolution Model 81 CHAPTER V; THE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY MODEL 85 Medicalization of Deviance 85 Stark and Bainbridge 88 Wallace; Prophets of Cultural Revitalization ... 92 Silverman: Shamans and Acute Schizophrenia .... 95 i i i Major Crises Events 100 Early Ministry Crises 100 Early Marriage Crisis 102 Independent Ministry 104 Second Marriage Crisis 105 Visions and Gifts 107 Analysis and Perspective 109 CHAPTER VI: THE ENTREPRENEUR MODEL OF CULT FORMATION . 115 Dowie as Entrepreneur 117 The Promoter . 117 Economic Feedback Effects 124 Financial Rewards for Followers 128 The Downfall of Zion 131 The Entrepreneur and Religious Eclecticism . . . 136 Analysis and Summary 138 CHAPTER VII: SYMBOLIC INTERACTION AND THE CULT LEADER 141 A Brief Revisit to the Three Models 141 Theory 4: Symbolic Interaction and the Cult Leader . 142 The Social Self 144 Early Leadership: Sympathetic and Attractive . 147 Blinded by Success 155 Elijah the Restorer 156 First Apostle 160 The Prophet's Social Self 163 Groupthink 164 Analysis and Perspective 169 CHAPTER VIII: CONCLUSION 172 Further Study 181 BIBLIOGRAPHY 185 NEWSPAPERS 192 ARCHIVAL SOURCES 193 iv LIST OF TABLES PAGE TABLE 1. Typology of Cult Definitions ......... 38 TABLE 2. Deviance Indicators 45 TABLE 3. Dowie And Three Nineteenth Century "Cult" Groups 137

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to mind more sinister examples like Jim Jones and the group he led to the . the Christian Catholic Apostolic Church which reflected his. Apostolic
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