Table Of Content

The Chora of Metaponto 4 The Late Roman Farmhouse at San Biagio THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK The Chora of Metaponto 4 The Late Roman Farmhouse at San Biagio Erminia Lapadula Edited by Joseph Coleman Carter Institute of Classical Archaeology Packard Humanities Institute University of Texas Press, Austin Copyright © 2012 by the University of Texas Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First edition, 2012 Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to: Permissions University of Texas Press P.O. Box 7819 Austin, TX 78713-7819 www.utexas.edu/utpress/about/bpermission.html The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R1997) (Permanence of Paper). Lapadula, Erminia The chora of Metaponto 4 : the late Roman farmhouse at San Biagio / Erminia Lapadula ; edited by Joseph Coleman Carter. — 1st ed. p. cm. “Institute of Classical Archaeology, Packard Humanities Institute.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-292-72877-6 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-292-73542-2 (e-book) 1. Metapontum (Extinct city) 2. Metapontum (Extinct city)—Rural life and customs. 3. Farmhouses—Italy—Metapontum (Extinct city). 4. Agricultural colonies—Italy— Metapontum (Extinct city). 5. Greeks—Italy—Metapontum (Extinct city). 6. Ex- cavations (Archaeology)—Italy—Metapontum (Extinct city). 7. Metaponto Region (Italy)—Antiquities. I. Carter, Joseph Coleman. II. University of Texas at Austin. Institute of Classical Archaeology. III. Packard Humanities Institute. IV. Title. V. Title: Chora of Metaponto four. DG70.M52L36 2011 937'.773—dc23 2011044210 For reasons of economy and speed, this volume has been printed from camera-ready copy furnished by ICA, which assumes full responsibility for its contents. Title page illustration: Antefix with face of a young satyr from the Greek sanctuary at San Biagio. 4th century BC. (Ch. 3, Architectural Terracottas Cat. No. 1.1.1). Photo: C. Williams A mia madre, al suo coraggio, al suo grande amore Special Acknowledgment This volume and others in this series could not have been conceived, much less carried through to publication, without the generous financial support of the Packard Humanities Institute. The Director and staff of the Institute of Classical Archaeology and its collaborators express their profound gratitude. Preface vii Contents Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Joseph Coleman Carter 1. The Farmhouse at San Biagio and the Agricultural Landscape of Basilicata in the Roman Period Liliana Giardino Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Basilicata under Roman Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. The Excavation and Structures Erminia Lapadula The Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 The 1980 Excavation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Re-evaluation of the Site’s Occupation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Building Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Interpretation of the Roman Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Virtual Archaeology: A Proposed Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Massimo Limoncelli 3. The Materials: Prehistoric through the Roman Republican Period Erminia Lapadula Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Pottery and Other Neolithic Artifacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Cesare D’Annibale Figured Pottery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Francesca Silvestrelli Black Gloss and Grey Ware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Eloisa Vittoria Banded Ware, Miniatures, and Plain Ware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 Anna Cavallo Cooking Ware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Antonietta Di Tursi Transport Amphorae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 Oda Teresa Calvaruso Architectural Terracottas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Anna Lucia Tempesta Coroplastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 Rebecca Miller Ammerman Loom Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99 Lin Foxhall 4. The Materials: The Roman Imperial Period Erminia Lapadula Study and Presentation of Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 Eastern Terra Sigillata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 African Red Slip Ware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Slipped Common Ware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Plain Ware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 African Cooking Ware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130 Cooking Ware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Transport Amphorae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147 Dolia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157 Glass Finds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161 Metal Finds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 Milling Finds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168 5. Furnishings, Utilitarian Artifacts, and Coins Erminia Lapadula Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 Personal Artifacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 Household Instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 Spinning, Weaving, and Sewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 Tools for Fire-lighting, Carpentry, and Woodworking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 The Repair of Dolia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 Window Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 Coins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183 Anna Rita Parente 6. Archaeozoology, Archaeometry, and Ceramic Analysis The Archaeozoological Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191 Joseph Coleman Carter A Goat Skeleton from the Roman Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 László Bartosiewicz Archaeometric Analyses of Metal, Glass, and Plaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194 Claudio Giardino Microscopy of Selected Pottery Fabrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208 Keith Swift with Victoria Leitch 7. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 Erminia Lapadula Reference Materials References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Illustration Credits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263 Acknowledgments This publication, which was nearly five years in the Director of the National Museum of Metaponto, for making, is the product of many individual contribu- his constant encouragement and the many exchanges tors, including the excavators, the archaeological of ideas and opinions that have contributed to the authorities, the colleagues who have undertaken the result seen here. individual studies that it comprises, the skilled tech- Particular thanks to the scientific community nicians who prepared the materials and illustrated at ICA, which has contributed in a variety of ways them, and the production staff at the Institute of and at different times to the realization of the San Classical Archaeology in Austin (ICA) at the Uni- Biagio study. Many are among the names of collabo- versity of Texas. The roll call goes back to 1980 and rators listed below. Special thanks go to Esmeralda comes up to the present, and I am sure that I have not Moscatelli and Keith Swift, coordinators—adminis- included all those to whom we are grateful. tratively and scientifically—of the Metaponto farm- Few sites of the Roman Imperial period are known house publication project. We have shared long hours in the territory of Metaponto, and none has as yet been and demanding work that have reinforced our pro- published in its entirety. I felt honored when Prof. Jo- fessional ties and bonds of friendship. Many thanks seph Coleman Carter, Director of ICA, invited me to also to the administrative and technical staff of the participate and take the lead role in coordinating the Soprintendenza. studies of the site and its material remains. I am grate- Sincere gratitude and affectionate memories are ful for all the help, including editorial work, that he addressed to those who actually carried out the ex- and the staff at ICA have given me over these years, cavation at San Biagio in July 1980. Its success owes and I hope that the results will justify his trust. Per- much to the skill and dedication of trench supervisor sonally, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude Claire Lyons and foreman Giuseppe Di Taranto. For to the Packard Humanities Institute for its support. much help with logistical and administrative prob- There are very few such opportunities available for lems in Italy, we thank Rosetta Torraco and Tiziana archaeologists working in southern Italy today as the Ria. Thanks also to Helga di Giuseppe for her valu- one PHI has made possible here. able suggestions and exchange of ideas. Finally, a I owe much over the years to the Soprintendenza sincere thanks to all those who, in different ways, Archeologica della Basilicata, which has made it pos- provided suggestions and advice. It would be impos- sible for me to study the materials in its collections sible to mention all of them, but their contributions and to participate in excavations. In particular, I owe have been invaluable for the publication of this book. an enormous debt of gratitude to Antonio De Siena, the current Soprintendente and for many years the Erminia Lapadula