The Chinese Electronics Industry PDF
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Chinese THE ElELTR~~~LS ~~[)USTRY The Electronics Industry Research Series • The Taiwan Electronics Industry • The Singapore and Malaysia Electronics Industries • The Korean Electronics Industry • The Japanese Electronics Industry • The Chinese Electronics Industry Chinese THE ElELTR~~~LS ~~[)USTRY Michael Pecht Chung,Shing Lee Zong Xiang Fu JiangJun Lu Wang Yong Wen 0 CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 1999 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reason able efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www. copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organiza tion that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademarl' Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http:/ /www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http:/ /www.crcpress.com AUTHORS Michael G. Pecht is the Director of the CALCE Electronic Products and Systems Center at the University of Maryland and a Full Professor with a three way joint appointment in Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Research, and Systems Research. Dr. Pecht has a BS in Acoustics, an MS in Electrical Engineering and an MS and PhD in Engineering Mechanics from the University of Wisconsin. He is a Professional Engineer, an IEEE Fellow and an ASME Fellow. He has written fourteen books on electronics products development. He served as chief editor of the IEEE Transactions on Reliability for eight years and on the advisory board of IEEE Spectrum. He is currently the chief editor for Microelectronics Reliability, an associate editor for the IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology; and on the advisory board of the Journal of Electronics Manufacturing. He serves on the board of advisors for various companies and consults, providing expertise in strategic planning in the area of electronics products development and marketing. Chung·Shing Lee is an Assistant Professor of Information Systems & Technology Management at the Pacific Lutheran University in Tacoma, Washington. Dr. Lee holds a B.A. degree from National Taiwan University, an M.A. degree in Economics from the University of Maryland, and a doctorate in Engineering and Technology Management from the George Washington University. Dr. Lee has many years of industrial consulting experience and was a Research Associate at the University of Maryland's CALCE Electronic Products and Systems Consortium. His research interests and publications are in the areas of Asian technology development and industry analysis, technology and innovation management, and strategic use of information technology. Xiang-Fu Zong is the Chair Professor and Dean of the Technological Sciences and Engineering School at the Fudan University in Shanghai, The People's Republic of China. Jun-Lu Jiang and Yong·Wen Wang are members of the State Science and Technology Commission, The People's Republic of China. Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Group http:/taylorandfrancis.com PREFACE Since the open-door policy began in 1979, China has boasted one of the fastest growth economies in the world and one of the largest future markets. by the end of 1998, China had accumulated over US $144 billion offoreign exchange reserve, second only to Japan. Although economic liberalization swept across all the sectors of the industrial economy, electronics and information technology have been targeted in particular for growth through export. In addition to simplifying the licensing and foreign investment policies, the government targeted technologies such as electronics for major development programs. Well-funded programs such as the "Torch Program" and the Economic & Technological Development Zones are functioning as national centers of excellence at the forefront of the electronics technology revolution. Recently, the Chinese central government is encouraging foreign investment in the so-called "pillar industry," which includes the electronics industry, to serve as a multiplier for national economic development and to modernize industry structure. Massive incentives are provided for electronics development projects and customs duties have been reduced on all electronics equipment since 1996. As a result, total value of industrial output reached US $37 billion and total electronics export value achieved US $19 billion in 1996. The estimated output value of China's electronics industry will be over US $120 billion by the year 2000 [China Electronics Industry Yearbook 1997]. The rapid economic growth, large volume of foreign trade, bold reform measures, and massive infrastructure strategy also point to an enormous market potential and a valuable global partner. This book documents the technologies, manufacturing procedures, capabilities, and infrastructure that have made China a major player in the Asian electronics industry. This book covers the major segments of the industry: semiconductors, packaging, printed circuit boards, computer hardware and software, telecommunications, and electronic systems. Other topics include the role of government, various associations, research organizations, educational institutions, and major electronics companies. In addition, this study examines the roles that government, associations, research organizations, educational institutions, science and technology information networks, and major companies have played in establishing an infrastructure where the industry can flourish. This book is intended for readers interested in the historical development, current status, and future growth of China's electronics industry. Engineers, corporate planners, business managers, technologists, and policymakers in the electronics industry will find this book useful in assisting them to: • comprehend the historical development, current status, and future growth of China's electronics industry • understand the cultural, economic, and technological factors that drive and inhibit market access and success in China • make decisions on strategic issues such as market entry, establishing joint ventures or strategic alliances with Chinese electronics companies in order to access the world's largest emerging market • formulate strategy to cooperate and compete in the global electronics industry This book features detailed coverage of the important aspects of the Chinese electronics industry and: • demonstrates how various factors, such as political structures, government policy, science and technology development, education, and labor force, have contributed to the growth and performance of the industry • reviews Chinese economy in the post-reform period, including general economic status, specialized economic zones, monetary and fiscal policies, foreign direct investment and trade, as well as Sino-U.S. economic relations • outlines historical development of China's electronics industry, foreign trade and investment in the electronics industry, and national planning on the development and management of China's electronics industry • evaluates major segments of China's electronics industry, such as semiconductors, computer hardware and software, telecommunications, and electronics systems • includes valuable site reports for key companies and other organizations • provides statistical information and numerous tables and figures that illustrate the text. A brief description of the organization of the book and the topics in the chapters follows. General information Chapter I provides a brief overview of China's geography, population and major ethnic groups, language, religion, education system, and political structure. The Chinese economy Chapter 2 presents the growth of China's economy in the posl---i"eform period, and the use of policy instruments to promote international trade and to encourage foreign direct investment, especially in the electronic industrial sector. Topics include the current economic status, China's foreign trade relations, and the development of special economic zones. Next, the development of China's modem monetary and banking systems, reform of the foreign exchange system, and issues of public finance, such as taxes and import tariffs, are discussed accordingly. The last section summarizes trade friction between the U.S. and China. Science and technology in China Chapter 3 outlines China's science and technology infrastructure, current status and goals of national science and technology policy, and the national management of China's electronics industry. Historical development of China's electronics industry Chapter 4 reviews the historical development of the Chinese electronics industry that has led to its current status. Topics in this chapter include the roles of China's Five-Year National Development Plans and the foreign trade and investment in the development of China's electronics industry. Major national electronics projects, such as the "Golden Projects" for information management and the "Three Gorges Electronic System Project," are also discussed. Semiconductors in China Chapter 5 discusses the status of technological development and evaluates the future growth of the semiconductor industry in China. The emphasis of this chapter is on the government involvement in the development of domestic industry infrastructure and the cooperative relationships between the domestic manufacturers and foreign multinationals in designing, manufacturing, and testing semiconductor components. Electronic packaging and assembly are also discussed in this chapter. China's emerging information electronics industry China is seeking to become one of the "Eastern giants" in computers and software. Chapter 6 presents China's emerging information electronics industry, which includes both the computer hardware and software industrial sectors. Topics in this chapter include technology developments in hardware and software, intensive competitions among major domestic manufacturers
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