The Chinese Communist Party in Power, 1949-1976

641 Pages·2020·11.48 MB·English

by  Jacques Guillermaz, Anne Destenay (trans.)

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ISBN 978-0-367-29080-1
www.routledge.com aninformabusiness
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The Chinese
Communist Party
in Power,
1949-1976
We will build a new world, a red
world, the world of the thought
of Mao Tse-tung.
Chieh-fang-chun pao,
August 5, 1967
The Chinese
Communist Party
in Power,
1949-1976
JACQUES GUILLERMAZ
Translated by Anne Destenay
I~ ~~o~I~!:n~~~up
LONDON AND NEW YORK
©1972 Payot, Paris
This edition was revised and updated by the author to include the
period from 1972 through 1976.
First published 1972 by Westview Press
Published 2019 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright © 1976 by Taylor & Francis
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any
form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only
for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Guillermaz, Jacques.
The Chinese Communist Party in power, 1949-1976.
Translation of Le parti communiste chinois au pouvoir.
Bibliography: p. 581
Includes index.
I. Chung-kuo kung ch'an tang-History. I. Title.
JQ1519.A5G8513 329.9'51 76-7593
ISBN 13: 978-0-367-29080-1 (hbk)
FOR KIRST!

Contents
List of tables x
List of maps
x1
List of figures
x1
Prologue xu
Preface xm
Foreword to the French Edition x1x
Translator's Note xxm
Part I New Democracy in China 1949-1953 1
1 China in 1949 3
2 Political and Administrative Reconstruction: The Ideological
Training of the Population-The First Mass Campaigns 13
3 The Restoration of the Economy 25
4 Social Changes: The Marriage Law of May 1, 1950 37
5 Cultural Changes 48
6 Foreign Relations: The Korean War 60
Part 2 The First Five-Year Plan 1953-1957 75
7 The Targets of the First Five-Year Plan and
Soviet Economic Aid 77
8 The Transformation of Economic Structures 85
9 The First Open Rifts: The Kao Kang-Jao Shu-shih Affair,
the Hu Feng Affair, the Dream of the Red Chamber Affair 99
10 The 1954 State Constitution and Internal Administration:
The New Party Statutes (1956) and Relations Between
Party and State Ill
11 The Eighth Party Congress and China in 1956 127
12 The Hundred Flowers and Antirightist Movements
of 1956-1957 136
13 Cultural Policies During the First Five-Year Plan 147
14 The New Military Institutions 161
15 Foreign Policy 1953-1957 (1): The Geneva and Bandung
Conferences 169
16 Foreign Policy 1953-1957 (2): Sino-Soviet Relations 183
Part 3 The Chinese Road to Socialism 1958-1962 195
17 The Search for a Chinese Road to Socialism 197
18 The Great Leap Forward 207
19 Rural People's Communes and Urban Communes 1958 215
20 The Modification of the People's Communes: The Failure
of the Great Leap Forward 226
21 Evolution of Internal Affairs 1958-1962 241
22 Foreign Policy 1958-1966 (1): General Development,
Indian Subcontinent, Black Africa, Near East and Arab
States, Latin America 258
23 Foreign Policy 1958-1966 (2): Japan, Korea, Southeast
Asia 283
24 Foreign Policy 1958-1966 (3): United States, Western
Europe, International Organizations, Disarmament 300
25 Foreign Policy 1958-1966 (4): The Socialist Bloc 313
Part 4 The Socialist Education Movement and the Cultural
Revolution and Its Aftermath 1962-1976 333
26 The Tenth Plenum of the Eighth Central Committee and
the Reappearance of Class Struggle 335
27 The Socialist Education Movement 343
28 "The Tocsin Sounds the Cultural Revolution" 359
29 "Open Fire at the Black Line": From Wu Han to
Teng T'o and the Fall of P'eng Chen 366
30 "Sweep Away All Monsters!" 378
31 The Return of the Great Helmsman and the Eleventh
Plenum of the Eighth Central Committee 385
32 The Red Guards Versus the Top Party Apparatus
(August-November 1966) 396
33 The "Hidden Turning" of the Cultural Revolution: From
the Slide Toward Anarchy to the "Triple Alliance" and the
Revolutionary Committees (November 1966-February 1967) 408
34 The Cultural Revolution in a Blind Alley (February-
June 1967) 424
35 The Crisis of the Summer of 1967 433
36 Toward an Easing of the Situation 441
37 The Multiplication of Revolutionary Committees and
the Twelfth Plenum of the Eighth Central Committee
(January-November 1968) 446
38 The Ninth Congress and the Renewal of Party and
State Structures (1969-1971) 452
39 The Tenth Congress and the Internal Political Situation;
The Fourth National People's Congress 470
40 The Economy 1962-1976 480
41 Education and Culture, the Press, and Religion 1962-1976 491
42 Military Policy 1962-1976 501
43 Foreign Policy 1966-1976 (I): General Development 5II
44 Foreign Policy 1966-1976 (2): Indian Subcontinent,
Arab States, Africa, Latin America 518
45 Foreign Policy 1966-1976 (3): japan, Korea, and South-
e~tA~ ~8
46 Foreign Policy 1966-1976 (4): United States, Western
Europe, International Organizations, Disarmament 546
47 Foreign Policy 1966-1976 (5): The Socialist Bloc 557
Conclusion 567
Bibliography 581
Index 601