The Child as Musician A handbook of musical development The Child as Musician A handbook of musical development SECOND EDITION Edited by Gary E. McPherson 1 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2016 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2006 Second Edition published in 2016 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. 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The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breast-feeding Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. Acknowledgments The first draft of each chapter was independently reviewed by the editor and three additional re- viewers who included a selection of other authors from the book and where relevant, anonymous external reviewers. I take this opportunity to thank the various representatives of Oxford University Press. I am especially grateful to the OUP Senior Commissioning Editor Martin Baum and his assistant Charlotte Green for answering all of my questions and steering me in the right direction whenever I had a problem. Their enthusiasm for producing this second edition of The Child as Musician is appreciated. Throughout the process of compiling this second edition, I have been fortunate to have worked with Solange Glasser as my editorial assistant. Her sharp intellect, superb eye for detail, and gener- ous nature have made the processing of collecting, reviewing, editing, and formatting each of the chapters so much easier. Solange deserves very special praise for a job well done. I extend my heartfelt thanks to each of the authors for agreeing to be involved. I am extreme- ly grateful to them for putting up with the endless correspondence and the many suggestions from the reviewers. They deserve praise for their commitment to the project and the quality of their work. Now that all of the authors can see their chapters in the context of the whole book, I hope that they will agree that our journey together has been worthwhile. I hope also, that our readers enjoy the fruits of our labor. Gary E. McPherson June 2015 Contents Introduction xxi Section 1: Development 1 Prenatal development 3 Richard Parncutt 2 Reflections on infants as musical connoisseurs 31 Sandra E. Trehub and Franziska Degé 3 The child musician’s brain 52 Donald A. Hodges 4 Musicality 67 Susan Hallam 5 Music cognition in childhood 81 Kathleen A. Corrigall and Glenn E. Schellenberg 6 Musical agency 102 Jackie Wiggins 7 The potential impact of autism on musical development 122 Adam Ockelford Section 2: Engagement 8 Music and nonmusical abilities 149 Glenn E. Schellenberg 9 Musical literacy: Reading traditional clef notation 177 Janet Mills and Gary E. McPherson 10 Musical literacy: Music as language 192 Chris Philpott 11 Engaging in a sound musicianship 208 Andrew R. Brown 12 Underlying mechanisms and processes in the development of emotion perception in music 221 Emery Schubert and Gary E. McPherson 13 Felt experiences of popular musics 244 David J. Elliott and Marissa Silverman 14 Children, popular music, and identity 265 Sharon G. Davis viii CONTENTS 15 The child as music critic 284 Paul Woodford 16 How and why do musical preferences change in childhood and adolescence? 303 David J. Hargreaves, Adrian C. North, and Mark Tarrant Section 3: Differences 17 Motivation 325 Paul Evans 18 Building gifts into musical talents 340 Gary E. McPherson and Aaron Williamon 19 Inclusive music classrooms: A universal approach 361 Judith A. Jellison 20 Music and well-being during illness 373 Costanza Preti and Katrina S. McFerran 21 Adolescent music is not problematic 386 Katrina S. McFerran Section 4: Skills 22 Playing an instrument 401 Gary E. McPherson, Jane W. Davidson, and Paul Evans 23 Building performance confidence 422 Margaret S. Osborne 24 Singing and vocal development 441 Graham F. Welch 25 Musical play 462 Kathryn Marsh and Susan Young 26 The individual and social worlds of children’s musical creativities 485 Pamela Burnard and Hsu-Chan Kuo 27 Computer-based technology 500 Peter R. Webster Section 5: Contexts 28 Historical perspectives 523 Gordon Cox 29 Child as musical apprentice 538 Frank Abrahams and Daniel Abrahams 30 Global practices 556 Patricia Shehan Campbell 31 Transcultural childhoods 577 Alexandra Kertz-Welzel CONTENTS ix 32 My voice is important too: Non-formal music experiences and young people 594 Lee Higgins 33 Transformative music engagement and musical flourishing 606 Susan A. O’Neill 34 The transition from adolescent to adult music learner 626 Jane W. Davidson and Robert Faulkner 35 Fostering lifelong engagement in music 639 Stephanie E. Pitts Index 655