The Chemistry and Processing of Wood and Plant Fibrous Material: Cellucon '94 Proceedings PDF
Preview The Chemistry and Processing of Wood and Plant Fibrous Material: Cellucon '94 Proceedings
THE CHEMISTRY AND PROCESSING OF WOOD AND PLANT FIBROUS MATERIALS THE CHEMISTRY AND PROCESSING OF WOOD AND PLANT FIBROUS MATERIALS Editors: JOHN FKENNEDY DirectorofBirminghamCarbohydrateand Protein TechnologyGroup, Research Laboratory forthe Chemistry ofBioactive Carbohydratesand Proteins, School ofChemistry, The University ofBirmingham, Birmingham, England and ProfessorofAppliedChemistry, The North East Wales Institute ofHigher Education, Wrexham, Clwyd, Wales GLYN 0 PHILLIPS ChairmanofResearch TransferLtd,(Newtech Innovation Centre), Professorial Fellow ofThe North East Wales Institute ofHigher Education, Wrexham, Clwyd, Wales and ProfessorofChemistry, The University ofSalford, England PETER A WILLIAMS Head ofthe Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Centre andthe Centre ofExpertise in Water Soluble Polymers, The North East Wales Institute ofHigher Education, Wrexham, Clwyd, Wales WOOI)HI~AI) PUJ3I~ISf-IING lAIl\/lI~I~ED Oxford Cambridge New Delhi Published byWoodhead Publishing Limited Abington Hall,Granta Park,GreatAbington CambridgeCB21 6AH, UK www.woodheadpublishing.com Woodhead Publishing IndiaPrivate Limited G-2,Vardaan House, 7/28Ansari Road,Daryaganj New Delhi- 110002, India www.woodheadpublishing.com Firstpublished 1996 Reprinted 2001,2004,2005,2010 © 1996,WoodheadPublishing Limited Theauthors haveasserted theirmoralrights. This bookcontains information obtained fromauthenticandhighly regarded sources. Reprinted material isquoted withpermission,andsources areindicated. Reasonableefforts have beenmadetopublish reliable dataandinformation, buttheauthors andthepublisher cannot assume responsibilityforthevalidity ofallmaterials. Neithertheauthors northe publisher, noranyone elseassociated withthispublication,shallbeliableforanyloss,damage orliability directly orindirectly caused oralleged tobecaused bythisbook. Neitherthisbooknoranypartmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyany means, electronicormechanical, including photocopying,microfilmingandrecording, orby any information storageorretrieval system, without permissioninwriting from Woodhead Publishing Limited. Theconsent ofWoodhead PublishingLimited doesnotextend tocopyingforgeneral distribution,forpromotion, forcreating newworks, orforresale. Specific permissionmust be obtained inwriting from Woodhead Publishing Limited forsuchcopying. Trademarknotice: Productorcorporate names maybetrademarksorregisteredtrademarks, andareusedonly foridentificationandexplanation,without intenttoinfringe. British Library CataloguinginPublication Data Acatalogue record forthisbook isavailable fromthe British Library. ISBN978-1-85573-305-3 Printed inthe United Kingdom byCPIAntony Rowe CELLUCON CONFERENCES AND THE CELLUCON TRUST Cellucon Conferences as an organisation was initiated in 1982, and Cellucon '84, which was the original conference, set out to establish the strength of British expertise in the field of cellulose and its derivatives. This laid the foundation for subsequent conferences in Wales (1986), Japan (1988), Wales (1989), Czechoslovakia (1990), USA (1991), Wales (1992), Sweden(1993) and Wales (1994). They have had truly international audiences drawn from the major industries involved in the production and use of cellulose pulp and derivatives of cellulose, plus representatives of academic institutions and government research centres. This diverse audience has allowed the cross fertilization of many ideas which has done much to give the cellulose field the higher profile that it rightly deserves, Cellucon Conferences are organised by The Cellucon Trust, an official UK charitable trust with worldwide objectives in education in wood and cellulosics. The Cellucon Trust is continuing to extend the knowledge ofall aspects ofcellulose worldwide. At least one book has been published from each Cellucon Conference as the proceedingsthereof. This volume arisesfrom the 1994 conference held in Bangor, Wales, UK, and the conferences planned to be held in Russia, France and Finland, etc, willgenerate further useful books in the area. THE CELLUCON TRUST TRUSTEES AND DIRECTORS ProfG 0 Phillips(Chairman) Research Transfer Ltd, UK ProfJ F Kennedy The North East WalesInstitute, UK and (Deputy Chairman and Treasurer) The University ofBirmingham, UK Dr P A Williams (Secretary) TheNorth EastWalesInstitute,UK Mr T Greenway Akzo Nobel SurfaceChemistry Ltd, UK Mr W B Painting Hoechst (UK) Ltd, UK Dr C A White Fisons Scientific,UK v CELLUCON CONFERENCES ORGANISING COMMITTEE ProfG 0 Phillips (Chairman) Research Transfer Ltd, UK ProfJ F Kennedy The North East Wales Institute, UK and (Deputy Chairman and Treasurer) The University ofBirmingham, UK Dr P A Williams (Secretariat) The North East Wales Institute, UK Mr H Hughes (Secretariat) The North East Wales Institute, UK Mr P Bale Hercules Ltd, UK ProfW B Banks University ofWales, UK ProfC Bucke The University ofWestminster, UK Dr H L Chum American Chemical Society (Cellulose, Paper and Textile Division), USA Dr A Fowler Courtaulds Ltd, UK Dr K Geddes Crown Berger Europe Ltd, UK Mr T Greenway Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry Ltd, UK ProfJ Guthrie University ofLeeds, UK Dr H Hatakeyama Fukui Institute ofTechnology, Japan Dr M B Huglin University ofSalford, UK Dr P Levison Whatman International Ltd, UK Dr J Meadows The North East Wales Institute, UK Mr W B Painting Hoechst (UK) Ltd, UK Mr A Poyner Consultant, UK Mr R Price Shotton Paper Co Ltd, UK ProfJ Roberts Institute ofScience and Technology, University ofManchester, UK Dr J F Webber The Forestry Authority, UK Dr C A White Fisons Scientific, UK Cellucon Conferences are sponsored by: The Biochemical Society, UK - Chembiotech Ltd, UK - Hoechst (UK) Ltd, UK - The North East Wales Institute of Higher Education, UK - The University of Birmingham, UK - The University of Lund, Sweden - USAF European Office of Aerospace Research and Development - US Army Research, Development and Standardisation Group, UK - Welsh Development Agency - Whatman Specialty Products Division, UK. Cellucon Conferences are supported by: The American Chemical Society (Cellulose, Paper and Textile Division) Aqualon (UK) Ltd - Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry Ltd, UK - Courtaulds Chemicals and Plastics, UK - Ministry of Defence - Crown Berger Europe Ltd, UK - DOW Chemicals, UK - The Forestry Authority, UK - The Southern Regional Research Center, USA - Shotton Paper Company Ltd, UK - Syracuse Cellulose Conferences, USA. vi THE CELLUCON CONFERENCES 1984Cellucon '84 UK CELLULOSE AND ITS DERIVATIVES Chemistry, Biochemistry and Applications 1986Cellucon '86 UK WOOD AND CELLULOSICS Industrial Technology, Biotechnology, Structure and Properties 1988Cellucon '88 Japan CELLULOSICS AND WOOD Fundamentals and Applications 1989Cellucon '89 UK CELLULOSE: SOURCES AND EXPLOITATION Industrial Utilisation, Biotechnology and Physico-Chemical Properties 1990Cellucon '90 CELLULOSE Czechoslovakia New Trends in the Complex Utilisation of Lignocellulosics(Phytomass) 1991 Cellucon '91 USA CELLULOSE A Joint Meeting of: ACS Cellulose, Paper and Textile Division, The Cellucon Trust, and 11th Syracuse Cellulose Conference 1992Cellucon '92 UK SELECTIVE PURIFICATION AND SEPARATION PROCESSES The Role ofCellulosic Materials 1993 Cellucon'93 Sweden CELLULOSE AND CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES Physico-Chemical Aspects and Industrial Applications 1994Cellucon '94 UK CHEMISTRY AND PROCESSING OF WOOD AND PLANT FIBROUS MATERIALS The Chemistry and Processing ofWood and Plant Fibrous Materials The proceedingsofeachconferencewereformerlypublishedbyEllisHorwood, Simon and Schuster International Group, Prentice Hall, Campus 400, Maylands Avenue, Hemel Hempstead, Herts, HP2 7EZ and are now published by Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CBl 6AH. THE CELLUCON TRUST is a registered charity, UK Registration No: 328582and a company limited by guarantee, UK Registration No: 2483804 with its registered offices at The Research Laboratory for the Chemistry of Reactive Carbohydrates and Proteins, The School of Chemistry, The University ofBirmingham, Birmingham, B152IT, England. Vll ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book arises from the International Conference - CELLUCON '94 which was held at the University ofWales, Bangor, UK. This meeting owed its successto the invaluable work ofthe Organising Committee. MEMBERS OF THE LOCAL ORGANISING COMMITTEE - CELLUCON '94 ProfW B Banks (Chairman) University ofWales, Bangor, UK Dr HOmed (Secretariat) University ofWales, Bangor, UK Dr P A Williams(Secretariat) The North East Wales Institute, UK Mr H Hughes (Secretariat) The North East Wales Institute, UK ProfJ F Kennedy The North East Wales Institute, UK and (Deputy Chairman and The University ofBirmingham, UK Treasurer) Mr T Greenway Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry Ltd, UK Dr P Levison Whatman International Ltd, UK Dr J Meadows The North East Wales Institute, UK Mr W B Painting Hoechst (UK) Ltd, UK ProfG 0 Phillips Research Transfer Ltd, UK ProfJ Roberts Institute ofScienceand Technology, University ofManchester, UK Vlll CONTENTS Preface XUl PART 1:THE FIBRE AND NON FIBRE RESOURCES 1 1 Forestry - Sustainable production and processing 3 J Evans 2 Changing patterns of global wood and fibre supplies . 13 R J Cooper 3 Blackcurrant stems - An agri-waste with potential asa dilutent to existing tree-based fibre sources . 25 D Stewart and R M Brennan 4 Phenolic acid dimers in barley straw cell walls 31 D Stewart and I M Morrison 5 'Non wood plant fibres'. Availability in Kenya and need for maximum utilization . 37 R Murali and J G Mwangi 6 Current developments in plant derived gums and resins for the chemical industry in Kenya 49 B Chikamai PART 2: PULPING. 61 7 Advances in steam explosion pulping (SEP) . 63 B V Kokta, Y Ben, J Doucet, A Ahmed and D A Sukhov 8 Kinetics and mechanism ofwheat straw pulping . 81 A A Baosman, G C Fettis, M J Ramsden and S J Smith 9 Ethanol pulping of pretreated non-woodfibre materials 99 B Lonnberg, M EI-Sakhawy and T Hultholm 10 The chemical composition of tropical hardwoods and its influence on pulping processes . III N A Darkwa 11 Pulping characteristics and mineral composition of 16 field crops cultivated in Finland . 119 K A Pahkala, T J N Mela and L Laamanen 12 Screening, purification and characterization of novel xylanases used in pulp bleaching 127 BCuevas, B Bodie, C Wang and M Koljonen 13 Delignification and bleaching of non-wood fibres with peroxy- compounds 133 D Stewart and I M Morrison ix
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