The Challenges of BeComing agile

200 Pages·2012·6.16 MB·English

draFt
The Challenges of BeComing agile
ImplementIng and conductIng Scrum In Integrated
product development
PhD Thesis by Nis Ovesen
Aalborg University

phd theSIS
June 2012
draFt
The Challenges of BeComing agile
ImplementIng and conductIng Scrum In Integrated
product development
nIS oveSen
department oF archItecture, deSIgn & medIa technology
DOcTOrAl PrOgrAmme Of PlANNiNg AND DevelOPmeNT
The DOcTOrAl SchOOl Of eNgiNeeriNg AND ScieNce
aalborg unIverSIty
The Challenges of Becoming Agile
Implementing and conducting Scrum in Integrated Product Development
© Nis Ovesen
Number of pages: 200
Tirage: 20
PhD Candidate:
Nis Ovesen
Industrial Design
Department of Architecture, Design & Media Technology
The Faculty of Engineering and Science
Aalborg University
Supervisors:
Kaare Eriksen
Associate Professor
Department of Architecture, Design & Media Technology
The Faculty of Engineering and Science
Aalborg University
Christian Tollestrup
Associate Professor
Department of Architecture, Design & Media Technology
The Faculty of Engineering and Science
Aalborg University
Table of ConTenTs
PrefaCe xi
aCknowledgemenTs xii
lisT of ConTriBuTing PaPers xiii
ChaPTer 1: inTroduCTion 1
1.1 Motivation and ClaiM of the Study .............................................................................2
1.2 PoSitioning the ReSeaRCh PRojeCt ...............................................................................4
1.3 fundaMental ChallengeS in PRoduCt develoPMent .............................................................6
1.3.1 Accelerating Speed ..................................................................................................6
1.3.2 change-ability ......................................................................................................8
1.3.3 Increasing product complexity .......................................................................................10
1.4 deliMitation ...................................................................................................12
1.5 gaPS in the PReSent Knowledge ................................................................................12
1.6 ReSeaRCh QueStionS ............................................................................................12
1.7 Main ContRibution of thiS ReSeaRCh PRojeCt ...................................................................13
1.8 SuMMaRy of ChaPteR 1 .........................................................................................14
ChaPTer 2: TheoreTiCal foundaTion 17
2.1 Setting the PeRSPeCtive ........................................................................................19
2.1.1 Defining Integrated Product Development Process .....................................................................19
2.1.2 Defining Development Organisation ..................................................................................19
2.2 SCRuM exPlained ...............................................................................................20
2.2.1 Overview of the Scrum Framework ...................................................................................20
2.2.2 Three Roles, four Meetings, and three artifacts .........................................................................20
2.2.3 The story about Scrum ..............................................................................................26
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2.2.4 Rise of Agile Software Development ..................................................................................27
2.2.5 Scrum in relation to the three fundamental challenges ..................................................................29
2.2.6 Management challenges in implementing Agile in software development .................................................30
2.3 integRated PRoduCt develoPMent PRoCeSS .....................................................................32
2.3.1 What is an Integrated Product Development process? ..................................................................32
2.3.2 Macro-level: Two types of process control models ......................................................................33
2.3.3 Process Input and Output ...........................................................................................36
2.3.4 Basic elements of the stage-gate development process .................................................................36
2.3.5 Micro-level: The design process ......................................................................................38
2.3.6 New movements in integrated product development ...................................................................41
2.4 the develoPMent oRganiSation ................................................................................42
2.4.1 Organisational Structures ............................................................................................42
2.4.2 Roles and responsibilities ............................................................................................44
2.4.3 Scrum roles versus management roles ................................................................................46
2.4.4 Development Teams ................................................................................................46
2.6 Catalogue of gaPS, oveRlaPS and ConfliCtS ....................................................................48
2.7 SuMMaRy of ChaPteR 2 .........................................................................................49
ChaPTer 3: researCh meThodology 51
3.1 the ReSeaRCh PaRadigM ........................................................................................52
3.1.1 The Positivist and the Constructivist paradigms ........................................................................53
3.1.2 Interrelationship and Consistency in Research ..........................................................................55
3.1.3 The Chosen Research Strategy .......................................................................................56
3.2 woRKing with eMPiRiCal data ..................................................................................58
3.2.1 Data Collection ....................................................................................................58
3.2.2 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................60
3.3 SuMMaRy of ChaPteR 3 .........................................................................................61
ChaPTer 4: The researCh maTerial 63
4.1 CaSe a: CoMPany a ..............................................................................................66
4.1.1 Organisational structure .............................................................................................67
4.1.2 Scrum in the Development process ...................................................................................67
4.1.3 Motivation and Transition to Scrum ...................................................................................68
4.1.4 Scrum framework #1: Product Vision and Product Backlogs efforts .......................................................68
4.1.5 Scrum framework #2: Sprint Cycle ....................................................................................69
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4.1.6 Design and styling efforts ...........................................................................................70
4.1.7 Main Challenges experienced by interviewees .........................................................................70
4.2 CaSe b: CoMPany b ..............................................................................................73
4.2.1 Organisational structure .............................................................................................74
4.2.2 Scrum in the Development process ...................................................................................74
4.2.3 Motivation and Transition to Scrum ...................................................................................75
4.2.4 Scrum framework #1: Product Vision and Product Backlogs efforts .......................................................75
4.2.5 Scrum framework #2: Sprint Cycle ....................................................................................76
4.2.6 Design and styling efforts ...........................................................................................77
4.2.7 Main Challenges experienced by interviewees .........................................................................77
4.3 CaSe C: CoMPany C ..............................................................................................79
4.3.1 Organisational structure .............................................................................................80
4.3.2 Scrum in the Development process ...................................................................................80
4.3.3 Motivation and Transition to Scrum ...................................................................................81
4.3.4 Scrum framework #1: Product Vision and Product Backlogs efforts .......................................................81
4.3.5 Scrum framework #2: Sprint Cycle ....................................................................................82
4.3.6 Design and styling efforts ...........................................................................................83
4.3.7 Main Challenges experienced by interviewees .........................................................................84
4.4 CaSe d: CoMPany d .............................................................................................86
4.4.1 Organisational structure .............................................................................................87
4.4.2 Scrum in the Development process ...................................................................................87
4.4.3 Motivation and Transition to Scrum ...................................................................................88
4.4.4 Scrum framework #1: Product Vision and Product Backlogs efforts .......................................................89
4.4.5 Scrum framework #2: Sprint Cycle ....................................................................................90
4.4.6 Design and styling efforts ...........................................................................................91
4.4.7 Main Challenges experienced by interviewees .........................................................................92
4.5 CaSe e: CoMPany e ..............................................................................................96
4.5.1 Organisational structure .............................................................................................97
4.5.2 Scrum in the Development process ...................................................................................98
4.5.3 Motivation and Transition to Scrum ...................................................................................98
4.5.4 Scrum framework #1: Product Vision and Product Backlogs efforts .......................................................99
4.5.5 Scrum framework #2: Sprint Cycle ...................................................................................100
4.5.6 Design and styling efforts ..........................................................................................101
4.5.7 Main Challenges experienced by interviewees ........................................................................102
4.6 CaSe f: CoMPany f .............................................................................................104
4.6.1 Organisational structure ............................................................................................105
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4.6.2 Scrum in the Development process ..................................................................................105
4.6.3 Motivation and Transition to Scrum ..................................................................................106
4.6.4 Scrum framework #1: Product Vision and Product Backlogs efforts ......................................................107
4.6.5 Scrum framework #2: Sprint Cycle ...................................................................................108
4.6.6 Design and styling efforts ..........................................................................................109
4.6.7 Main Challenges experienced by interviewees ........................................................................109
4.7 CaSe g: Client of CoMPany g ...................................................................................112
4.7.1 Organisational structure ............................................................................................113
4.7.2 Scrum in the Development process ..................................................................................113
4.7.3 Motivation and Transition to Scrum ..................................................................................114
4.7.4 Scrum framework #1: Product Vision and Product Backlogs efforts ......................................................115
4.7.5 Scrum framework #2: Sprint Cycle ...................................................................................116
4.7.6 Design and styling efforts ..........................................................................................116
4.7.7 Main Challenges experienced by interviewees ........................................................................117
4.8 SuMMaRy of ChaPteR 4 ........................................................................................118
ChaPTer 5: analysis 119
5.1 PaRt 1: CoMPaRative oveRview and ConveRgent ChallengeS ...................................................121
5.1.1 Overview of Basic case data ........................................................................................122
5.1.2 case compliance with the Scrum framework ..........................................................................123
5.1.3 Compilation of convergent challenges as analytical themes .............................................................124
5.1.4 per-case occurrance of Identified Themes ............................................................................126
5.2 analySiS PaRt 2: unfolding analytiCal theMeS ................................................................127
5.2.1 Theme 1: Breaking down Product Development tasks ..................................................................127
5.2.2 Theme 2: Time- and Resource estimation of development activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
5.2.3 Theme 3: Keeping the team motivated for Scrum ......................................................................133
5.2.4 Theme 4: Team composition issues ..................................................................................135
5.2.5 Theme 5: Scrum in a traditional organisation .........................................................................138
5.2.6 Theme 6: Separate Deliverables each sprint ...........................................................................142
5.2.7 Theme 7: Maintaining necessary focus ...............................................................................145
5.2.8 Theme #8: Flexibility issues .........................................................................................147
5.3 PaRt 3: SyntheSiSing analytiCal theMeS into geneRal ConditionS .............................................149
5.3.1 General Condition 1: Paradigm Perplexity ............................................................................150
5.3.2 General Condition 2: Constraints of Physicality ........................................................................151
5.3.3 General Condition 3: Designer’s Dissent ..............................................................................152
5.3.4 General Condition #4: Team Distribution Dilemma .....................................................................153
5.3.5 General Condition #5: Education and Maturation ......................................................................155
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ChaPTer 6: resulTs 157
6.1 ReSultS fRoM analySiS PaRt 1 ..................................................................................159
6.2 ReSultS fRoM analySiS PaRt 2 ..................................................................................160
6.3 ReSultS fRoM analySiS PaRt 3 ..................................................................................163
6.4 RelationS between the ReSultS fRoM analySiS .................................................................163
ChaPTer 7: ConClusions 165
7.1 PRePaRing the anSweRS .......................................................................................167
7.2 anSweRing the ReSeaRCh QueStionS ...........................................................................167
7.2.1 Answering Research Question 1 .....................................................................................168
7.2.2 Answering Research Question 2 .....................................................................................168
7.3 evaluating the CoheRenCe between theoRy and PRaCtiCe .....................................................169
7.4 towaRdS a ReviSed SCRuM fRaMewoRK foR integRated PRoduCt develoPMent .................................171
7.5 PoSitioning and liMiting the findingS in Relation to the PReSent Knowledge ................................172
7.6 evaluation of the Reliability and Quality of the ReSeaRCh effoRt .............................................173
7.6.1 Owning one’s perspective ..........................................................................................173
7.6.2 Situating the sample ...............................................................................................174
7.5.3 Grounding in examples ............................................................................................174
7.6.4 Providing credibility checks .........................................................................................174
7.6.5 Coherence ........................................................................................................175
7.6.6 Accomplishing general versus specific research tasks ..................................................................175
7.7 evaluation of the ReSeaRCh MethodS .........................................................................176
7.7.1 Data collection ....................................................................................................176
7.7.2 Data analysis .....................................................................................................176
7.8 futuRe PeRSPeCtiveS ...........................................................................................177
7.8.1 More emphasis on the product design and aesthetics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
7.8.2 Scrum applicable to industrial designers? ............................................................................177
7.8.3 Design education .................................................................................................178
7.8.4 Agile 2.0 – more of the same? .......................................................................................178
referenCes 180
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