The Challenge of Sustainability: Linking Politics, Education and Learning PDF
Preview The Challenge of Sustainability: Linking Politics, Education and Learning
the CHALLENGE of SUSTAINABILITY LINKING POLITICS, EDUCATION AND LEARNING Edited by Hugh Atkinson and Ros Wade THE CHALLENGE OF SUSTAINABILITY Linking politics, education and learning Edited by Hugh Atkinson and Ros Wade First published in Great Britain in 2015 by Policy Press North America office: University of Bristol Policy Press 1-9 Old Park Hill c/o The University of Chicago Press Bristol BS2 8BB 1427 East 60th Street UK Chicago, IL 60637, USA t: +44 (0)117 954 5940 t: +1 773 702 7700 [email protected] f: +1 773-702-9756 www.policypress.co.uk [email protected] www.press.uchicago.edu © Policy Press 2015 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 978 1 44730 646 7 hardcover The right of Hugh Atkinson and Ros Wade to be identified as editors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the 1988 Copyright, Designs and Patents Act. All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of Policy Press. The statements and opinions contained within this publication are solely those of the editors and contributors and not of the University of Bristol or Policy Press. The University of Bristol and Policy Press disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any material published in this publication. Policy Press works to counter discrimination on grounds of gender, race, disability, age and sexuality. Cover design by Policy Press Front cover image: www.alamy.com Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Policy Press uses environmentally responsible print partners Contents List of tables and figures v List of abbreviations and acronyms vi Notes on terminology viii Notes on contributors ix Preface xi Introduction 1 Hugh Atkinson and Ros Wade Part One: The challenge of sustainability: politics, education and learning One Planetary challenges: the agenda laid bare 11 Hugh Atkinson Two The politics of sustainability: democracy and the limits of 43 policy action Stuart Wilks-Heeg Three: Learning, pedagogy and sustainability: the challenges for 63 education policy and practice Ros Wade Part Two: What is to be done? Case studies in politics, education and learning Four Climate change and environmental policy in the US: 89 lessons in political action Hugh Atkinson Five ‘Greening’ the European Union? The Europeanisation of 105 European Union environment policy John O’Brennan Six Rethinking globalisation through convergence: active 131 learning for social movements Jenneth Parker Part Three: What is to be done? Case studies in learning for sustainability from across the globe Seven The challenge of sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa – the 153 implications for education policy and practice Ros Wade, with Vincent Muhumaza, Chikondi Musange and Heinrich Rukundo iii The challenge of sustainability Eight Regional centres of expertise as mobilising mechanisms 181 for education for sustainable development Roger A. Petry, Lyle M. Benko, Takaaki Koganezawa, Tomonori Ichinose and Mary Otieno, with Ros Wade Nine Social media and sustainability: the right to the city 205 John Blewitt Part Four: Emerging themes and future scenarios Ten Emerging themes and future scenarios 229 Hugh Atkinson and Ros Wade Afterword 239 Hugh Atkinson and Ros Wade Index 241 iv List of tables and figures Tables 1.1 Percentage greenhouse gas emissions per country, 17 2012 5.1 Glossary of European Union institutions and 108 decision-making Figures 1.1 Sustainable development 13 1.2 Sustainable development: the ecological limit 14 1.3 Atmospheric greenhouse gases, 1900–2012 16 1.4 Average global surface temperatures, 1900–2012 18 6.1 The convergence quadrant 141 v The challenge of sustainability List of abbreviations and acronyms ACCU Asia-Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO BSM benefit-sharing mechanism CAP Common Agricultural Policy CCS carbon capture and storage DCSF Department for Children, Schools and Families DCE Domasi College of Education DE development education DESD Decade for Education for Sustainable Development DG Directorate General EAP environment action programmes EC European Community ECJ European Court of Justice EDDR education for disaster risk reduction and redevelopment EE environmental education EFA education for all EKC environmental Kuznet’s curve EIA environmental impact assessment EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPI environmental policy integration ESD education for sustainable development ETS emissions trading scheme EU European Union GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GDP gross domestic product GHG greenhouse gases GMR Global Monitoring Report GW gigawatt HE higher education HEIs higher education institutions ICT information and communication technology IEA International Energy Authority IK indigenous knowledge IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LGR local government representatives MDG Millennium Development Goals MESA Mainstreaming Environment and Sustainability across African Universities vi List of abbreviations and acronyms MFF Multi-annual Financial Framework NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NCADAC National Climate Assessment and Development Advisory Committee NCAR National Centre for Atmospheric Research NEMA National Environmental Management Agency NGO non-governmental organisation NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NRDC National Resources Defence Council NSIDC National Snow and Ice Data Centre NYBE nine-year basic education ppm parts per million OMC open method of coordination QMV qualified majority voting RCE regional centre for expertise RCEGN Regional Centre for Expertise Greater Nairobi RE renewable energy RSPB Royal Society for the Protection of Birds SDG Sustainable Development Goals SDS Sustainable Development Strategy SEA Single European Act SSA sub-Saharan Africa STEM science, technology, engineering and maths TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union UDP Uranium Development Partnership UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNRISD United Nations Research Institute for Social Development UNU United Nations University WEO World Energy Outlook WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development WWF World Wide Fund for Nature vii The challenge of sustainability Notes on terminology While we recognise that a great deal of terminology is open to question and critical examination, terms that may be included in this book include: • ‘majority world’ to refer to the majority global population in countries that benefit least from the global economy. Other terms used include ‘Southern’ (most countries in this position are in the southern hemisphere) and ‘developing’ countries; • ‘minority world’ to refer to the wealthy, industrialised countries. Other terms include ‘Northern’ countries (most countries in this position are in the northern hemisphere) and ‘developed’ countries. All these terms are problematic and contain a mixture of political and cultural implications and are therefore used with caution. While we acknowledge that there are no terms that can fully describe the current complex global political and economic terrain, nonetheless, they can be a useful shorthand. However, we note that they are generalisations that do not fully represent, for example, the emerging economies of the BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India and China), nor the emerging economies of post-communist states. viii Notes on contributors Hugh Atkinson is senior lecturer in politics at London South Bank University. He is the author of Local democracy, civic engagement and community: from New Labour to the big society (Manchester University Press, 2012). He is a founder member of the Political Studies Association specialist group on environmental politics. Lyle M. Benko has 40 years’ professional experience in formal and non-formal education. He is president of LAMB Environmental and Educational Consulting. In March 2011, he was the recipient of the Saskatchewan Eco-Network Provincial Environment Activist Award. John Blewitt is director of the MSc in social responsibility and sustainability at Aston University. He is the author of Understanding sustainable development (Routledge-Earthscan, 2014). Tomonori Ichinose is a professor at the Miyagi University of Education whose research interests include diversity education and education for sustainable development. Takaaki Koganezawa is professor of education at the University of Miyagi, Japan, visiting professor at the United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies and secretary of the Regional Centre for Expertise Greater Sendai. John O’Brennan lectures in European politics and society at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth. He is the author of The European Union and the western Balkans: from stabilisation to normalisation and EU membership (Routledge, 2014). Mary Otieno is a lecturer in the School of Education at Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya. Mary is a member of the steering committee of the Regional Centre for Expertise Greater Nairobi. She has wide experience in training, research and publication in education for sustainable development. Jenneth Parker is research director at the Schumacher Institute for Sustainable Solutions, Bristol, with 20 years’ experience in learning for sustainability. Her most recent publication is ‘Critiquing sustainability, changing philosophy’. She has provided policy advice for the United ix
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