The Cerebellum, Epilepsy, and Behavior

401 Pages·1974·14.28 MB·English

by  Ray S. Snider (auth.)

The Cerebellum,
Epilepsy, and Behavior
The Cerebellum,
Epilepsy, and Behavior
Edited by
Irving S. Cooper and Manuel Riklan
St. Barnabas Hospital
Bronx, New York
and
Ray S. Snider
Center for Brain Research
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York
PLENUM PRESS NEW YORK-LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
The Cerebellum, epilepsy, and behavior.
"Proceedings of the symposium 'The Cerebellum, Epilepsy and Behavior,' held at
St. Barnabas Hospital, Bronx, New York, from August 6-10, 1973."
Includes bibliographies.
1. Epilepsy-Congresses. 2. Cerebellum-Congresses. 3. Brain stimulation-Con
gresses. I. Cooper, Irving Spencer, 1922- ed. II. Rikian, Manuel, ed. III. Snider,
Ray Solomon, 1911- ed. IV. New York. St. Barnabas Hospital for Chronic
Diseases.
[DNLM: 1. Cerebellum-Physiology-Congresses. 2. Epilepsy-Congresses. WL320
C4141973)
RC372.AIC47 616.8'53 73-21971
ISBN-13: 978 -1-4613-4510-7 e-ISBN-13: 978 -1-4613-4508-4
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4508-4
Proceedings of the symposium "The Cerebellum, Epilepsy and Behavior,"
held at St. Barnabas Hospital, Bronx, New York, from August 6-10,1973.
1974 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1974
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London
A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd.
Davis House (4th Floor), 8 Scrubs Lane, Harlesden, London, NWI0 6SE, England
All rights reserved
No part of this pUblication may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the publisher
Dedicated to the memory of
Sir Victor Horsley,
Explorer of the physiology and surgery of
the cerebellum
INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
These proceedings incorporate all of the formal papers presented
at a Symposium entitled "The Cerebellum, Epilepsy and Behavior", held
at St. Barnabas Hospital, Bronx, New York, from August 6 to la, 1973.
The primary purposes of th is Sympos ium were (1) to review the exist ing
experimenta I I iterature in the area, (2) to present more recent experi
mental data, (3) to permit an exchange of views among the various
experimental disciplines represented, (4) to present clinical data and
results derived from techniques of stimulating the human cerebellum, and
(5) to perm it discussion and exchanges of views between the laboratory
and clinical investigators present. It has been pointed out that physio
logic functions, as well as gross and microscopic structure of the cere
bellum have been as well understood as virtually any other part of the
centra I nervous system. However, ne ither neurosurg ica I nor neurophar
macological therapeutic measures of significance have yet evolved from
this basic knowledge. One of the speculations and hopes that stimula
ted the organization of this Symposium was the belief that the time for
therapeutic surgery and medicine of the cerebellum has come.
Over one year ago cerebellar stimulation was first applied to an
individual with a previously intractable seizure disorder. During the
ensuing year 7 other patients with a variety of intractable seizure dis
orders were subjected to cerebellar cortex stimulation, designed to
relieve such seizures. This therapeutic approach was developed on the
basis of existing anatomic and electrophysiologic studies which indicated
that the cerebellar cortex modulates a wide variety of sensory-motor
functions. From the clinical investigations data have now been accu
mulated in relevant physiological, neurological, and behavioral areas
which seem to bear very much upon the role of the cerebellum in man
not only in seizure disorders but in the modification and modulation of
sensory-motor funct ions more genera Ily.
vii
viii INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Symposium participants will be presenting recent data, derived
from various laboratories, which pertain to the anatomy, electrophysiol
ogy, and biochemistry of the cerebellum and its influences on various
levels of the neuraxis. Such data will be derived largely from labor
atory studies util izing the rat, cat and monkey. With respect to the
clinical data to be presented and general efficacy of the technique of
cerebellar cortex stimulation in man, it has always been the practice
of the Neurosurgical Department of St. Barnabos to demonstrate clinical
results to interested colleagues from both the clinical and laboratory
sciences. It is hoped that actual patient presentation, accompanied by
accumulated physiological, neurological, and psychological data will
provide significant feedback for the various laboratory investigators
present, so that new insights may be developed with respect to cere
bellar function in man. The Symposium is multidisciplinary in nature,
based upon the concept that only such studies can lead to more mean
ingful understanding of the many manifestations of cerebellar function.
It is hoped that as a result of the formal presentations and dis
cussions which will ensue during the Symposium, that practical and
significant plans will be made for continuing relevant laboratory and
clinical investigations, and for developing collaborative programs in
th is respect.
The editors of this Symposium are very pleased to acknowledge
the collaboration and assistance of many individuals who have contrib
uted generously of their time and effort in the planning, execution and
publication of these proceedings. First, appreciation is expressed to
all of the individual contributors whose investigations form the bosis for
this Symposium, and for their prompt preparation of manuscripts to pro
vide rapid publication. Gratitude is also expressed to Mr. Charles M.
BI iss, Pres ident of the Board of Managers of St. Barnabas Hosp ita I, and
Mr. John T. Kolody, Executive Director, for generously making avail
able the necessary hospital facilities. We are also grateful to Rose
Marie Spitaleri, medical photographer, and Mary Lorenc, medical artist,
for their contribution during the Symposium and in the publication of
the manuscript. We particularly acknowledge the efforts of Anne David
for her careful and conscientious typing of the manuscript, and to
Mrs. Janet Dowl ing for editing and proofreading of the various manu
scripts. Thanks are also offered to The John A. Hartford Foundation,
Inc., New York City, for its many years of research support to the
Department of Neurologic Surgery of St. Barnabas Hospital, support
which led to the development of the clinical techniques described.
Finally, we are appreciative of the very close cooperation of
iNTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
Mr. Seymour Weingarten, Senior Editor, and Mr. Thomas Lanigan,
Editor of Plenum Press, for their cooperation in a speedy and effective
production of these proceedings.
i. S. C.
M. R.
R. S. S.
CONTENTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Contributors
Cerebellar Modifications of Abnormal Discharges in Cerebral
Sensory and Motor Areas • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3
Ray . S. Sn ider
Changes in Spontaneous Neuronal Firing in Cerebellum Red
Nucleus, and Raphe Nuclear Complex During Convulsive
Activity ................. 19
A. Fernandez-Guardiola, C .M. Contreras,
J.M. Calvo, F. Ayala, S. Brailowsky, H. Solis, and
A. Salgado
Cerebellar Influences on the Hippocampus • • • • • • • 37
T. L. Babb, A. G. Mitchell, Jr., and Po H. Crandall
Experimental Cobalt Epilepsy and the Cerebellum • • • • 57
Robert S. Dow
Experimental Epilepsy: Cerebro-Cerebellar Interactions and
Ant iepilept ic Drugs ••••••••••••••••• 97
Robert M. Julien
The Effect of Chronic Stimulation of Cerebellar Cortex on
Epilepsy in Man • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 119
I.S. Cooper, I. Amin, S. Gilman and J.M. Waltz
Parameters of Motion and EMG Activities During Some Simple
Motor Tasks in Normal Subjects and Cerebellar Patients •••• 173
C.A. Terzuolo and P. Viviani
xi
xii CONTENTS
Modulation of Spontaneous and Evoked Chloralose Myoclonus
by Cerebellar Stimulation in the Cat (Relation to Ramsey Hunt
Syndrome) • . • • . • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 217
Robert R. Myers and Reginald G. Bickford
Cerebellar Cortical Stimulation Effects on EEG Activity
and Seizure After-Discharge in Anesthetized Cats 229
G.W. Dauth, D. Carr, S. Gilman and 1.5. Cooper
The Effect of Varying the Frequency of Cerebellar
Stimulation Upon Epilepsy • • • • • • • • • • • • 245
1.5. Cooper and R.S. Snider
The Effects of Cerebellar Stimulation on the Averaged
Sensory Evoked Responses in the Cat •••••••• 257
S.C. Boone, B.S. Nashold, Jr., and W.P. Wilson
The Effect of Cerebellar Lesions on Emotional Behavior in
the Rhesus Monkey • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 277
A. J. Berman, D. Berman and J. W. Prescott
Psychological Studies of Chronic Cerebellar Stimulation in
Man. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .......... 285
M. Riklan, K. Marisak and 1.5. Cooper
Some Ethical Considerations of Cerebellar Stimulation as
an Innovat ive Therapy in Humans. . • • • • • • • • • 343
Harmon L. Sm ith
Psychosurgery and Brain Stimulation: The Legislative
Experience in Oregon in 1973 •••••• 367
R.S. Dow, R. Grimm and D. Rushmer
Summary. • • • • • • • • 391
0 • • • • • • ••
1.5. Cooper, M. Riklan and R.S. Snider
Index • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • 395
CONTRIBUTORS
THE ST BARNABAS HOSPITAL SYMPOSIUM ON
0
"THE CEREBElLUM, EPILEPSY AND BEHAVIOR"
AUGUST 6-10, 1973, BRONX, NEW YORK
ISMAIL M. AMIN, M.D. D. CARR, B.So
Department of Neurologic Surgery Deportment of Neurology
SI. Barnabas Hospital Columbia University
Bronx, New York New York, New York
FRUCTUOSO AYALA, M.D. CARLOS M. CONTRERAS, M.D.
Institute of Biomedical Investigations, UNAM Institute of Biomedical Investigations, UNAM
Cuidad Universitario Cuidod Univers itaria
Mexico 10, D.L., Mexico Mexico 10, D.L., Mexico
THOMAS L. BABB, Ph.D. IRVING S. COOPER, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Research Neurophysiologist Director, Deportment of Neurologic Surgery
Division of Neurologic Surgery St. Barnabas Hospital, Bronx, New York
UC LA Center for the Health Sc iences Research Professor of Neuroanatomy
Los Angeles, California New York Medical College
New York, New York
A. J. BERMAN, M.D.
Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery PAUL H. CRANDALL, M.D.
Mt. Sino i School of Medicine Professor of Neurological Surgery
New York, New York UCLA Center for the Health Sciences
Los Angeles, California
DOREEN BERMAN, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Psychology G. W. DAUTH, Ph.D.
Queens College, City University Research Assoc iote
Jamaica, New York Department of Neurology
Columbia University
REGINALD BICKFORD, M.D. New York, New York
Professor of Neuroscience
University of California ROBERT S. DOW, M.D.
Son Diego Deportment of Neurosciences Head, Department of Neurology
La Jo"a, California Director, Deportment of Neurophysiology
Good Samaritan Hospital & Medical Center
Portland, Oregon
SIMON BRAILOWSKY, M.D.
Institute of Biomedical Investigations, UNAM AUGUSTO FERNANDEZ-GUARDIOLA, M.D.
Cuidod Universitoria Research Professor of Neurophysialogy
Mexico 10, D.L., Mexico Institute of Biomedical Investigations, UNAM
Cuidad Uni"ersitaria
JOSE M. CALVO, M.D. Mexico, D.L., Mexico
Institute of Biomedical Investigatians, UNAM
Cuidad Universitaria SID GILMAN, M.D.
Mexico 10, D.L., Mexico Professor of Neurology
Columbia University
New Yark, New Yark