The Central Intelligence Agency The Central Intelligence Agency An Encyclopedia of Covert Ops, Intelligence Gathering, and Spies Volume 1 Jan Goldman, editor Copyright © 2016 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Central Intelligence Agency: an encyclopedia of covert ops, intelligence gathering, and spies / Jan Goldman, Editor. pages cm ISBN 978-1-61069-091-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-61069-092-8 (ebook) 1. United States. Central Intelligence Agency—Encyclopedias. 2. Intelligence service— United States—Encyclopedias. I. Goldman, Jan. JK468.I6C457 2016 327.1273003—dc23 2013042649 ISBN: 978-1-61069-091-1 EISBN: 978-1-61069-092-8 20 19 18 17 16 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America Contents VOLUME ONE List of Entries vii Preface xiii Introduction xv Timeline of Central Intelligence Agency and Intelligence Activities, 1939–2015 xxi A–Z Entries 1–412 VOLUME TWO: dOCUMENTS List of Primary Documents vii 1940s 413 1950s–1960s 463 1970s–1980s 543 1990–2014 649 Bibliography 841 Editor and Contributors 849 About the Editor 855 Index 857 v List of Entries Afghanistan 1 Agee, Philip 4 Air America 5 Air Reconnaissance 8 ajax, Operation 10 Alec Station 12 Al Harethi Drone Strike 14 Allende Gossens, Salvador 16 Ames, Aldrich 17 Angleton, James 19 Animal Farm 21 Arbenz Guzmán, Jacobo 22 artichoke, Operation 26 Assassination 27 A-12 Blackbird 29 azorian, Project 31 Barnett, David 35 Bay of Pigs Invasion 36 Berlin Blockade and Airlift 38 Berlin Spy Carousel 41 Berlin Tunnel 43 Bird & Sons 44 Bissell, Richard Mervin, Jr. 45 Blackmail 46 Blowback 47 bluebird, Project 48 Book of Honor 50 Boyce, Christopher 50 Brigade 2506 52 vii viii|List of Entries Buckley, William F. 54 Casey, William 57 Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 58 Central Intelligence Agency Information Act of 1984 59 Central Intelligence Group 61 chaos, Operation 62 Cherkashin, Victor 64 Chile 65 Church Committee 67 Clandestine Services 70 Coercive Interrogation 71 Colby, William 73 Cold War and the CIA 76 Communications Intelligence 78 congress, Operation 81 Contractors 84 Contras 87 Copeland, Miles 88 corona Program 90 Counterterrorism Center 91 Cuba 95 Cubela, Rolando 98 “Curveball” 100 Cyber Security 101 Dark Alliance Series 103 Data Mining 104 Dawe, Amos 105 Dead Drop 106 Deutch Rules 107 Disinformation 111 Domestic Spying 112 Donovan, William 114 Dooley, Thomas A., III 116 Double Agents 118 Drones 120 Drug Trafficking 122 Dulles, Allen 125 echelon System 129 List of Entries|ix Eclipse Group 130 Eisenhower, Dwight David 131 Electronic Intelligence 134 Falcon and Snowman 137 “Family Jewels” 139 Farfield Foundation 142 Favaro Affair 143 FBI Relations 144 5412 Special Group 145 Ford Foundation 146 Foreign Broadcast Information Service 147 Freedom of Information Act 149 Front Organizations 151 Garber, Joy Ann 153 Gee, Elizabeth Ethel 154 Gehlen, Reinhard 155 Gladio Network 157 Glomar Explorer 159 Goleniewski, Michael 160 Golitsyn, Anatoliy 161 Goss, Porter 162 Guatemalan Intervention 164 Guevara, Che 166 Gulf of Tonkin Incident 168 gusto, Project 171 Handwriting Analysis 173 Hekmati, Amir 175 Helms, Richard 177 Hersh, Seymour 178 Howard, Edward Lee 181 ht-lingual, Operation 182 Hughes-Ryan Amendment 183 Huk Rebellion 185 Human Intelligence 187 Huston Plan 189 Hypnosis 189 Image Intelligence 193 Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Agency 195
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