The Celtic World, An Illustrated History of the Celtic Race: Their Culture, Customs and Legends PDF
Preview The Celtic World, An Illustrated History of the Celtic Race: Their Culture, Customs and Legends
AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE CELTIC RACE Their Culture, Customs and Legends — ™ iwindily ‘\ pubiished a! at $39.95 THE CELTIC WORLD BARRY CUNLIFFE Illustrated throughout with color and black-and- white photographs and line drawings The story of the Celts is a story of survival, defiance, and creativity in the face of oppres- sion; it is a tale extending from desolate pre- historic Europe, through bitter conflicts with Rome, to political rallies and folksongs of present-day Ireland and Brittany. Hundreds of illustrations of art and artifact—many in full color, many rarely published—enliven noted Oxford archaeologist Barry Cunliffe’s portrayal of this paradoxical civilization. Who were the Celts? Where did they come from? Professor Cunliffe probes these myste- ries—made more perplexing by the absence of ancient Celtic written records—in a bril- liant display of historical detective work. He takes us beyond ruins and artifacts to the peo- ple themselves, the way they lived, their vio- lent temperament, gargantuan feasts, and savagery in battle. Here at the dawn of Celtic civilization are the little-known settlements of the Central European hinterland whose _ inhabitants traded with distant Greek cities and ex- panded from the Hungarian plain to the At- lantic coast. Here are the Cimmerians, who introduced the horse to Europe and made the Celts a nation of cavalrymen that were the terror of Greece and Rome. Here are the Celtic miners, artisans, traders, and sculptors who built the first cities in barbarian Europe and developed a prosperous urban culture. In time most of Celtic Europe fell to Rome. But on the western fringes of the Empire— in northern Scotland, the northern and west- ern isles, and especially in Ireland—the Cel- tic way of life survived. Irish Celts passed on their sagas from generation to generation, and late Celtic art inspired the island mis- sionaries who braved the terrors of Dark Age Europe to reestablish Christian centers in France, Germany, and Switzerland. (Continued on back flap) Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2022 with funding from Kahle/Austin Foundation https://archive.org/details/celticworld0000cunl THE CEG WORLD hs RO a pw awed hn Original Concept and Design by: EMIL M. BUEHRER Editor: DAVID BAKER Managing Editor: FRANCINE PEETERS Design Assistant: PHILIPPE MAAG Picture Procuration: ROSARIA PASQUARIELLO f | / fie’ hd <= f RY ‘ 2 or a F ‘ Copyright © MCMLX XIX by McGraw-Hill Book Company yo (UK) Limited, Maidenhead, England. Sag All rights reserved. This 1986 edition is published by Greenwich House, distributed by Crown Publishers, Inc., by arrangement with McGraw Hill Book Company. Printed and Bound in Hong Kong Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cunliffe, Barry W. The Celtic world. Reprint. Originally published: New York: McGraw-Hill, c1979. Includes index. l. Civilization, Celtic. I. Title. {CB206.C8 1986} 936.4 86-4766 ISBN 0-517-61533-9 hos f edeb ia CONTENTS THE PORTRAIT OF A CIVILIZATION 6 THE PLow A PrEorpLe WuHose Roots Liz Art COMBINED WITH BuRIED IN THE Past PRACTICALITY A Wiprt RANGE oO! HALLSTATT AND LA TENE IMPLEMENTS CULTURES THE EMERGENCE OF THE CELTS DiIscoOvVERY OF THE CELTS THE DESTINY OF GRAVES ITW m ht WOM i behA N THe LANGUAGE OF OBJECTS 126 SCULPTURE AND COINS SOCIETY IN CRISTS 128 WRITTEN EVIDENCE THE Great DrispERSAL 130 ANCIENT SToRTES RETOLD PILLAGERS OF ROME 132 VIOLATION OF DELPHI 136 A Cexric KINGDOM IN ASIA 138 CEIssCSOCIaI y THE GERMANIC THREAT 140 THE RISE OF THE DACIANS 142 THe EARLY CHIEFTAINS A Pyrruic Vicrory 144 WEALTH AND POWER THE TURNING PoINT 146 THe MEETING oF Two WorLDS THe Lasr Horr 150 REVOLUTION AND MIGRATION THE FINAL DISASTER 152 PROFILE OF THE CELTS BRITANNIA 154 PrysicAL APPEARANCE THe ROMAN ImpRINT 156 Dress AND ARMS 2 Celts are terrify- THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ‘TRIBE ( ce, with deep- TA BUSAN DD Cia. 160 A Narion or HorsEMEN ery harsh voices. THe Horst rn HARNESS Events ON Europr’s WESTERN theuys ef ew words Arms, ARMOR AND WARFARE FRINGE 162 From HAMLETS TO CITIES NATIVES AND INVADERS 166 i Hi_Lrorrs BRITTANY 168 THE Firsr Crries ANCIENT IRELAND: THE THE SHIFTING TRIBES BACKGROUND 170 SAINT PATRICK AND THE IRISH exaggerate — Monks 172 RELIGION AND THe New Cutrure 174 GUARDIANS OF THE ANCIENT DSA MEO @ 68 MytHs AND LEGENDS 178 A PAGAN TRINITY 70 THE ROUND TABLE 180 EartH MorHer AND TRIBAL THe Barbs 182 FATHER ie THe Misstonarties’ Firsr Srep 186 74 THe Mayor Gops THE RETURN TO THE CONTINENT 188 SACRED ANIMALS 80 Heroes or Gop 190 82 THe CuLt oF THE HumMAN HEAD THE CHURCH IN CONFLICT 12 THe SACRED PLACES 88 THe Heart or MEDIEVAL SACRED SPRINGS 89 CULTURE 195 90 VOTIVE OFFERINGS RITUAL SHAFTS AND ENCLOSURES 22 THE CaLTSTOLDAYy 196 THe TRADITIONAL HOMELAND 198 Up envaI C S, OT Wuo ARE THE CELTs OF Topay? 200 LANGUAGE 202 fT sO a etA Y 96 LITERATURE 204 THe So-CALLeD BARBARIANS 98 THe Lasy MiGRATION 206 A UNIQUE AND UNMISTAKABLE THe Cry ror FREEDOM 210 STYLE 100 Tue Drurps: Priests, SEERS, THe Cecrs IN RETROSPECT 214 JuDGEs 106 QuoOTATION SOURCES 218 New Toous AND SKILLS $12 BIBLIOGRAPHY 218 MINING TECHNOLOGY 114 Picrure Crepirs PR MASTERY OF THE WHEEL 116 INDEX 222 . The Celts seen through Roman eyes were ferocious, flamboyant, and tensed with energy. This small bronze figure found near Rome and probably dating to the third century B.C. gives a brilliant impression of a Celt in battle wearing only his helmet, neck torque, and belt. Polybius describes how the Gaesatae fought in this manner, naked but for their torques. A rather calmer impression is given by the warrior shown on_ the Gundestrup caldron (right), a large silver vessel of the second or first century B.C. found in a bog in Den- mark. He marches to battle clothed in tight-fitting trousers, armed with shield, spear, and possibly a sword. 6
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