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The Catechumenate in Late Antique Africa (4th-6th Centuries). Augustine of Hippo, His Contemporaries and Early Reception PDF

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TheCatechumenateinLateAntiqueAfrica(4th–6thCenturies) Matthieu Pignot - 978-90-04-43190-4 Downloaded from Brill.com10/26/2020 08:12:58AM via Durham University Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae texts and studies of early christian life and language Editors-in-Chief D.T.Runia G.Rouwhorst EditorialBoard B.D.Ehrman K.Greschat J.Lössl J.vanOort C.Scholten volume 162 Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/vcs Matthieu Pignot - 978-90-04-43190-4 Downloaded from Brill.com10/26/2020 08:12:58AM via Durham University The Catechumenate in Late Antique Africa (4th–6th Centuries) Augustineof Hippo,HisContemporaries andEarlyReception By MatthieuPignot LEIDEN | BOSTON Matthieu Pignot - 978-90-04-43190-4 Downloaded from Brill.com10/26/2020 08:12:58AM via Durham University LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Pignot,Matthieu,1986-author. Title:TheCatechumenateinlateantiqueAfrica(4th-6thcenturies):Augustineof Hippo,hiscontemporariesandearlyreception/byMatthieuPignot. Othertitles:SupplementstoVigiliaeChristianae;v.162. Description:Leiden;Boston:Brill,2020.|Series:SupplementstoVigiliae christianae:TextsandstudiesofearlyChristianlifeandlanguage,0920-623X; 162|Revisedandexpandedversionoftheauthor'sthesis(doctoral)–University ofOxford,2016.|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2020018168(print)|LCCN2020018169(ebook)| ISBN9789004431898(hardback)|ISBN9789004431904(ebook) Subjects:LCSH:Augustine,ofHippo,Saint,354-430.|Catechumens–Africa– History–Earlychurch,ca.30-600.|Churchhistory–Primitiveandearlychurch, ca.30-600.|Africa–Churchhistory–To1500. Classification:LCCBR195.C38P542020(print)|LCCBR195.C38(ebook)| DDC268.09609015–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020018168 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020018169 TypefacefortheLatin,Greek,andCyrillicscripts:“Brill”.Seeanddownload:brill.com/brill‑typeface. ISSN0920-623x ISBN978-90-04-43189-8(hardback) ISBN978-90-04-43190-4(e-book) Copyright2020byKoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillNVincorporatestheimprintsBrill,BrillHes&DeGraaf,BrillNijhoff,BrillRodopi, BrillSense,HoteiPublishing,mentisVerlag,VerlagFerdinandSchöninghandWilhelmFinkVerlag. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,translated,storedinaretrievalsystem, ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise, withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher.Requestsforre-useand/ortranslationsmustbe addressedtoKoninklijkeBrillNVviabrill.comorcopyright.com. Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperandproducedinasustainablemanner. Matthieu Pignot - 978-90-04-43190-4 Downloaded from Brill.com10/26/2020 08:12:58AM via Durham University Contents Acknowledgements ix Abbreviations xi Introduction 1 1 Conversion,ChristianisationandtheCatechumenate 5 2 TheCatechumenateandHistoricalResearch 9 3 ArgumentandApproach 21 4 PlanofChapters 29 1 AugustinetheCatechumen:PatternsandNarrative 32 1 HouseholdandChurch:IntegrationintotheCatechumenate 35 1.1 Aparentibus:TheRoleofAugustine’sHousehold 35 1.2 Augustine’sEntranceintotheCatechumenate 38 2 Superstition,DeceptionandFailures:FallingintoManichaeism 46 2.1 LeavingtheCatechumenateBehind?Augustine’sAdhesionto Manichaeism 47 2.2 AugustinetheManichaeanandBaptism 56 3 TheReturn:MilanandCassiciacum 61 3.1 Augustine’sReturntotheStatusofCatechumen 62 3.2 Augustine’sCatechumenateinMilanandEvidenceinAmbrose’s Writings 69 3.3 EnrollingforBaptism 72 4 ADiscipleofAmbrose:TheBaptismalPreparation 75 4.1 PassingReferencesintheConfessionesandAmbrose’s Evidence 75 4.2 LaterRecollectionsoftheMilaneseInitiation 80 5 Conclusion 85 2 ThePracticesandStatusofcatechumeniinAugustine’sCommunity 88 1 PracticesofAdmissionintotheCatechumenateandTheirPolemical Background 90 1.1 TheFirstCatechesis 92 1.1.1 AParallelintheContraFaustum 95 1.1.2 TheEmphasisonMoralInstruction:Further Evidence 98 1.2 RitesofIncorporation 102 1.2.1 TheGivingofSalt 103 Matthieu Pignot - 978-90-04-43190-4 Downloaded from Brill.com10/26/2020 08:12:58AM via Durham University vi contents 1.2.2 OtherRitesandPolemicsagainsttheDonatists 108 1.2.3 TheSignificanceofAdmissionRites 111 1.3 TheCatechumenateforChildrenandthePelagian Controversy 114 1.4 Conclusion 116 2 Beingacatechumenus:TheMainPracticesofChristiansinthe Making 117 2.1 PracticesofInclusion:TheSignoftheCross 120 2.2 LeavingCatechumensBehind:thedisciplinaarcaniandthe Dismissal 127 3 Conclusion 137 3 CatechumensTakingtheStep:TheNegotiationofBaptismin Augustine’sPastoralCare 140 1 Festinaadgratiam:CallingforBaptisminSermons 141 1.1 CustomaryExhortationsduringLent 142 1.2 TheNecessityofRepentanceandBaptism 150 1.3 Conclusion 154 2 WritingtoCatechumens 156 2.1 FriendshipRequiresBaptism:MarcianusandCaecilianus 157 2.2 DebatingBaptismwithFirmus 160 3 NarrativesofBaptisminAugustine’sWorks 165 3.1 TheConfessiones 166 3.2 Baptism,DreamsandMiraclesinAugustine’sLaterWorks 169 4 Conclusion 175 4 Fromcatechumenusto fidelis:TheLentenPreparationforBaptismin Hippo 178 1 Enrollingasacompetens 179 1.1 TheTimeforEnrolment 182 1.2 TheSelectionProcess 190 1.3 Sermon216andtheBeginningoftheBaptismalPreparation 197 2 ThePre-baptismalInitiationRituals 206 2.1 ScatteredReferencesonRitualsofPenance,Exorcismand Catechesis 206 2.2 TheEndoftheCatechumenate:Learning,Memorisingand RecitingtheCreedandtheLord’sPrayer 210 2.2.1 TheRitualOrganisationofthetraditio/redditio 211 2.2.2 TheCalendaroftheCeremonies 216 2.2.3 CatechesisonTwoFundamentalTexts 220 Matthieu Pignot - 978-90-04-43190-4 Downloaded from Brill.com10/26/2020 08:12:58AM via Durham University contents vii 2.2.4 TheImportanceofMemorisation 222 2.2.5 TheLimitsoftheCatechumenate 227 3 Conclusion 228 5 Councils,PreachingandtheCatechumenateinFourth-and Fifth-CenturyAfrica 231 1 CanonsofCouncils 232 1.1 Canon3intheBreviariumHipponense 234 1.2 OldInterpretationsandaNewHypothesis 235 1.3 Conclusion 238 2 TheSermonsAttributedtoQuodvultdeusofCarthageandthe BaptismalPreparationinFifth-CenturyAfrica 239 2.1 TheAttributiontoQuodvultdeus 241 2.2 TheBaptismalPreparation:TransformingtheSelf,Renouncing theDevilandBelievinginGod 248 2.2.1 PresentationoftheSermons 248 2.2.2 ContextofComposition 250 2.2.3 TheRitesofRenunciationandAdhesion 252 2.3 “AnyoneWhoDesirestheBaptismofChristAspirestoaNewLife”: CatechesisontheInitiationProcess 259 2.3.1 TheImpactofPerformance:InitiationImageryand CommunityDynamics 260 2.3.2 CommentariesontheCreedandPolemical Debates 267 2.3.3 TheMotherChurchandFightforBelonging 272 2.4 Conclusion 275 3 LateAntiqueAnonymousSermonsofUncertainAfricanOrigin 276 3.1 TheRitesof traditioandredditio:TeachingandLearning Psalms 278 3.1.1 ADubiousAugustinianSermon 279 3.1.2 Sermon29,LatinPseudo-Chrysostom“Morin Collection” 281 3.2 PsalmsandtheCatechumenateintheWest 284 4 Conclusion 286 6 FromCarthagetoRome:DebatingtheCatechumenateinthe Sixth-CenturyWest 288 1 TheDebatebetweenFerrandusandFulgentiusontheValidityof EmergencyBaptism 290 1.1 TheContextoftheExchange 290 Matthieu Pignot - 978-90-04-43190-4 Downloaded from Brill.com10/26/2020 08:12:58AM via Durham University viii contents 1.2 TheLetterExchange 292 1.2.1 Ferrandus’DescriptionoftheRitesofthe Catechumenate 295 1.2.2 TheProblemsRaisedbytheBaptismofUnconscious Adults 298 1.2.3 Fulgentius’Reply 301 1.3 Conclusion 306 2 TheRomanCatechumenateinOstrogothicItaly:JohntheDeaconto Senarius 307 2.1 AuthorandContextofComposition 308 2.2 Senarius’QuestionsandTheirBackground 311 2.3 John’sAnswer 313 2.3.1 TheRitesoftheCatechumenate 313 2.3.2 JustifyingtheCatechumenate:LiturgicalPerformance andWrittenTradition 317 2.3.3 John’sUseoftheLiturgicalArgumentinRenewed “Post-Pelagian”Polemics 319 3 Conclusion 324 Epilogue 327 Bibliography 331 BiblicalIndex 383 IndexofAncientSources 385 IndexofModernAuthors 403 IndexofNamesandSubjects 410 Matthieu Pignot - 978-90-04-43190-4 Downloaded from Brill.com10/26/2020 08:12:58AM via Durham University Acknowledgements ThisbookisareworkedandexpandedversionofmydoctoralthesisinHistory whichIhavewrittenattheUniversityofOxford(HistoryFaculty/StCrossCol- lege)betweenlate2012andearlysummer2016.TheIntroduction,Chapters1–2 and5–6,andtheEpilogueofthisbookoriginateinthisthesis,buthaveallbeen revisedandupdated.Chapters3–4werenotpartofthethesisbutarenewaddi- tions.TheformerChapter4ofthethesisisnottobefoundinthisbook:ithas beenpublishedseparatelyastwoexpandedandreworkedarticles,seePignot (2018and2019). IamdeeplyindebtedtomythesissupervisorsConradLeyser(WorcesterCol- lege)andNeilMcLynn(CorpusChristiCollege)fortheiradviceandcomments onmyworkandtheirsteadysupportduringmystudies.Mythesisexaminers, Carol Harrison (University of Oxford) and Mark Humphreys (Swansea Uni- versity)providedthenecessaryencouragementandessentialfeedbacktostart thelongprocessofbringingthethesisintoabook. IwouldalsoliketothankJohannesvanOort,whoreviewedthewholebook andreaditmostattentively,helpingmeimproveitfurther.Michel-YvesPerrin, withoutwhomIwouldnothavedelvedintothestudyof thecatechumenate, never stopped following my research and helping me in every possible way, notably inviting me to present research, on which this book is based, in his seminarattheÉcolePratiquesdesHautesÉtudesbetween2013and2016.He alsoprovidedabundantbibliographicaladviceandreadmostcarefullyafull draftof thisbook:forallthisIamextremelygrateful.Specialthanksarealso duetoAdrianBrändli,MartineDulaey,RobinLaneFoxandRobinWhelanwho discussedthetopicwithme,readdraftsandhelpedmesharpenmyarguments andcorrectmanymistakes.FrançoisDolbeau,MartineDulaey,RobinLaneFox, ConradLeyser,Michel-YvesPerrin,andRaúlVillegasMarínalsogenerouslysent mecopiesoftheirwork,oftenbeforepublication,enablingmetoimprovethis studyinmanyways. Thecompletionofthisbookalsoowesmuchtothewelcomingandsupport- ive research environment provided by the deparment of History at the Uni- versitédeNamur,wereIhavebeenworkingasapostdoctoralresearcherunder thesupervisionofXavierHermand,firstthankstoaMove-InLouvainIncom- ingpost-docfellowshipco-fundedbytheMarieCurieActionsoftheEuropean Commission(2017–2019)andthenasaChargédeRechercheFNRS. Overthecourseof myresearch,severalothercolleaguesofferedmeassist- ance,helpedmerefinemyideas,orsimplysupportedme.Mysincerethanks go in particular to Philippe Bernard, Shane Bobrycki, Ariane Bodin, Pierre- Matthieu Pignot - 978-90-04-43190-4 Downloaded from Brill.com10/26/2020 08:12:58AM via Durham University x acknowledgements MauriceBogaert,CamilleGerzaguet,Maria-CristinaLarocca,GiulioMalavasi, Jarred Mercer, Marie Pauliat, Bryan Ward-Perkins, Robert Wiśniewski, Chris Wickham,andGustavZamore. Finally,Iheartfullythankmyfamilyforsupportingmethroughoutthispro- jectandinparticularmyparents.Ève,MartinandThomassharedthisjourney: theirloveeverydaymadeallthingspossible. Matthieu Pignot - 978-90-04-43190-4 Downloaded from Brill.com10/26/2020 08:12:58AM via Durham University

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