the case of arecanut based integrated farming systems in karnataka. aditya ks palb

187 Pages·2013·1.68 MB·English

SURPLUS AND STABILITY OF INCOME OF
FARMERS: THE CASE OF ARECANUT
BASED INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS
IN KARNATAKA.

ADITYA K.S
PALB 1094

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS,
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
BANGALORE.
SURPLUS AND STABILITY OF INCOME OF
FARMERS: THE CASE OF ARECANUT
BASED INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS
IN KARNATAKA.

ADITYA K.S
Thesis submitted to the
University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
Degree of

Master of Science (Agriculture)
in
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

BANGALORE JULY, 2013

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
GKVK, BANGALORE - 560 065
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “SURPLUS AND
STABILITY OF INCOME OF FARMERS: THE CASE OF ARECANUT
BASED INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS IN KARNATAKA.”
submitted by Mr. ADITYA K.S. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (AGRICULTURE) in AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMICS to the University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore is
a record of bonafide research work done by him during the period of his
study in this university under my guidance and supervision and the Thesis
has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma,

associateship, fellowship or other similar titles.

Bangalore, (Dr. T.N. PRAKASH KAMMARDI)
July, 2013
Professor, Head of
the Department and

Chairman of
Advisory committee

APPROVED BY
Chairman: _________________________
(Dr. T.N. PRAKASH KAMMARDI)

Members: 1. __________________________
(Dr. K.B. UMESH)
2. __________________________
(Sri. JAGANNATH OLEKAR)
3. __________________________
(Sri. MANJUNATH .V.)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I humbly place before the throne of the Almighty, my
most sincere gratitude. His grace and tender mercies have
renewed me every day, all the way on the journey through my
life and guided me while travelling through uncertain and
unfamiliar crossroads which led to the completion of this work.
No words could ever fathom my deep sense of gratitude
and indebtedness to my respected chairman, Dr.T.N. Prakash
Kammardi, Professor and Head of the Department,
Department of Agricultural Economics for his valuable
guidance. His excellent guidance, constant support, close
counsel and valuable suggestions throughout the period of my
study can never be forgotten. His enthusiasm, kind gesture,
concern and constructive criticism have always motivated me
to do more and to achieve higher.
I am very grateful and obliged to my advisory committee
members Dr.K.B Umesh, Professor of Dept. of Agricultural
Economics, Sri Jagannath olekar, filed officer, Cost of
cultivation scheme, UAS, Bangalore, and Sri Manjunath.V.,
Assistant professor, Department of statistics for their valuable
suggestions and advice.
I bow my head with overwhelming respect and thanks to
all teachers of the Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Dr. M.G.
Chandrakanth, Dr. Ananth, Dr. Venkataramana, Sri.
Honnaiah, Sri. P.S. Srikanta Murthy and Sri.
Mahadevaiah
I take this as a privilege to thank my dear teacher Dr.
Chinnappa.B. Professor and head, Department of Agricultural
Economics ,UAHS, Shimoga, who gave me valuable
suggestions for my research work.
This acknowledgment won’t be sincere if I fail to express
my deep sense of gratitude to Kiran Kumar R Patil who
guided me throughout my study. I owe a lot to Amrutha and
Shilpa for their love and affection that helped me a lot in my
thesis work. I thank my beloved sisters Ashwini, Bhavya,
Pavithra and Dakshayani for their soothing love and care.
This record will be incomplete if I forget the valuable
services extended to me by all staffs in the department,
especially Sujatha Madam, Haralappa, Pavithra madam,
Hanumantu and other staffs.
I use this opportunity to sincerely thank my dearest
classmates Raghavendra, Sadhana, Javed, Navaneeth,
Rammi, Raghu, Lavanya, Prakash, Anand Raj, Arsha and
Shaanika for their lovely friendship, love, help and care and
for making the two year study very much enjoyable.
I specially thank Vishwanth, Keerthi, Vikram and
Muruli who helped me whole heartedly for my data collection.
I am overwhelmed with gratitude to all my respondents,
without whose whole hearted co-operation, this study would
not have been fruitful.
Words seem worthless when it comes to acknowledge my
dearest friends, Sathi, Kadam, Soori and Basu. Their moral
support and constant companionship never made me feel
alone in the unfamiliar paths. Words could not help me when I
need to thank my seniors Roopakka, Pammi sir,
Jhamkhandi sir, Shashi sir, Sakamma madam, Venu sir,
Prasanna sir, Manju sir and Nadoni sir for the great
support they gave me. I fondly thank my juniors Chikku,
Malli, Reddy, Guru, Bhavya, Sahana, Kavya, Gunjan and
Masood for their support.
There are no words to express my feelings of adoration,
love, respect and obligation to my beloved parents, who
moulded me to what I am. My mother had been a constant
inspiration for me, from that world where my words could
never reach. Her unspoken words could always wipe the tears
on my eyes and gave me full support to overcome all
hardships on this way. My beloved father Srinivas and Mother
Sunitha always backed me by putting my benefit before their
comfort. No words could ever express my sense of gratitude to
my family.
I would like to place here a thanks giving note to Special
Scheme on Cost of Cultivation of Arecanut in Karnataka, UAS,
GKVK, Bangalore, for providing me financial assistance to
undergo my post graduate studies.

Date: /07/13 (Aditya K.S)
ggggÉÉÉÉÊÊÊÊvvvvÀÀÀÀggggÀÀÀÀ ººººÉÉÉÉZZZZÀÀÀÀÄÄÄÄÑÑÑѪªªªÀÀÀÀjjjj DDDDzzzzÁÁÁÁAAAAiiiiÀÀÀÀÄÄÄÄ ººººÁÁÁÁUUUUÀÀÀÀÆÆÆÆ ¹¹¹¹ÜÜÜÜggggÀÀÀÀvvvvÉÉÉÉ:::: PPPPÀÀÀÀ££££ÁÁÁÁððððllllPPPPÀÀÀÀzzzzÀÀÀÀ CCCCrrrrPPPPÉÉÉÉ DDDDzzzzssssÁÁÁÁjjjjvvvvÀÀÀÀ ¸¸¸¸ÀÀÀÀªªªªÀÀÀÀÄÄÄÄUUUUÀÀÀÀææææ PPPPÀÀÀÀÈÈÈȶ¶¶¶ ¥¥¥¥ÀÀÀÀzzzzÀÀÀÀÝÝÝÝwwwwUUUUÀÀÀÀ¼¼¼¼ÀÀÀÀ°°°°èèèè MMMMAAAAzzzzÀÀÀÀÄÄÄÄ
CCCCzzzzssssÀÀÀÀååååAAAAiiiiÀÀÀÀÄÄÄÄ££££ÀÀÀÀ....
DDDD¢¢¢¢vvvvÀÀÀÀåååå PPPPÉÉÉÉ.... JJJJ¸¸¸¸ïïïï....
¸¸¸¸ÁÁÁÁggggÁÁÁÁAAAA±±±±ÀÀÀÀ
PÀȶAiÀÄ°è J¯Áè RZÀÄð ªÉZÀÑUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÀ¼ÉzÀ£ÀAvÀgÀ gÉÊvÀjUÉ G½AiÀÄĪÀ ¤ªÀé¼À DzÁAiÀĪÀÅ gÉÊvÀgÀ
fêÀ£À ªÀÄlÖªÀ£ÀÄß ¤zsÀðj¸ÀĪÀ ¥ÀæªÀÄÄR CA±ÀªÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. CrPÉ ¨É¼ÉUÁgÀgÀ ¤ªÀé¼À DzÁAiÀÄ ºÁUÀÆ CzÀgÀ°è£À
¹ÜgÀxÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß «²èö¹, vÀ£ÀÆä®PÀ gÉÊvÀgÀ fêÀ£À ¨sÀzsÀævÉAiÀÄ PÀÄjvÀÄ ¨É¼ÀPÀÄ ZÉ®ÄèªÀ D±ÀAiÀÄzÉÆA¢UÉ F
¸ÀA±ÉÆÃzsÀ£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÉÊUÉƼÀî¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ. F CzsÀåAiÀÄ£ÀPÁÌV ²ªÀªÉÆUÀÎ, zÀQët PÀ£ÀßqÀ, GvÀÛgÀ PÀ£ÀßqÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
vÀĪÀÄPÀÆgÀÄ f¯ÉèUÀ¼À 120 gÉÊvÀjAzÀ ªÀiÁ»w ¸ÀAUÀ滹, PÉÆæÃrPÀj¹, «±Éèö¸À¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ. ««zsÀ PÀȶ
¥ÀzÀÝwUÀ¼À°è£À ¨É¼ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ºÁUÀÆ ºÉÊ£ÀÄUÁjPÉAiÀÄ°è£À RZÀÄð ªÉZÀÑUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¯ÉQ̹ vÀzÀ£ÀAvÀgÀ ¸ÀªÀÄUÀæ PÀȶ
¥ÀzÀÝw¬ÄAzÀ zÉÆgÀPÀĪÀ MlÄÖ ¤ªÀé¼À DzÁAiÀĪÀ£ÀÄß PÀAqÀÄ»rAiÀįÁ¬ÄvÀÄ. DrPÉ+ gÀ§âgï+ºÉÊ£ÀÄUÁjPÉ
»qÀĪÀ½ ¥ÀzÀÝwAiÀÄÄ ¥ÀÄvÀÆÛgÀÄ ¥ÀæzÉñÀzÀ°è ºÉZÀÄÑ ¯Á¨sÀzÁAiÀÄPÀªÁVgÀĪÀÅzÀÄ PÀAqÀħA¢vÀÄ. (¤ªÀé¼À DzÁAiÀÄ
gÀÆ. 5,18,874). DzÀgÉ EvÀgÀ ¥ÀæzÉñÀUÀ¼À°è£À ««zsÀ PÀȶ ¥ÀzÀÝwUÀ¼À ¯Á¨sÀzÁAiÀÄPÀvÉAiÀÄ°è ºÉaÑ£À CAvÀgÀ
E®è¢gÀĪÀÅzÀÄ ¸Á©ÃvÁ¬ÄvÀÄ. ºÉÊ£ÀÄUÁjPɬÄAzÀ zÉÆgÀPÀÄwÛgÀĪÀ DzÁAiÀĪÀÅ UÀÄ©â ¥ÀæzÉñÀªÀ£ÀÄß (¤ªÀé¼À

DzÁAiÀÄzÀ ¥Àæw±ÀvÀ 20) ºÉÆgÀvÀÄ¥Àr¹ ¨ÉÃgÉ ¥ÀæzÉñÀUÀ¼À°è PÀrªÉÄ EgÀĪÀÅzÀÄ PÀAqÀħA¢vÀÄ. DrPÉ DzsÁjvÀ
PÀȶ ¥ÀzÀÝw¬ÄAzÀ zÉÆgÀPÀĪÀ DzÁAiÀĪÀÅ gÉÊvÀgÀ£ÀÄß §qÀvÀ£À gÉÃSÉVAvÀ ªÉÄîĸÀÜgÀPÉÌ vÀ®Ä¦¸ÀĪÀ¶×zÀÝjAzÀ,
gÉÊvÀjUÉ fêÀ£À ¨sÀzÀævÉ MzÀV¸ÀĪÀ°è PÀȶ ¥ÀzÀÝwAiÀÄÄ ¸À¥sÀ®ªÀVzÉAiÉÄAzÀÄ ºÉüÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ. DzÀgÉ, ¥Àæw±ÀvÀ 80
gÀµÀÄÖ gÉÊvÀgÀÄ PÀ£ÁðlPÀzÀ ¸ÀgÁ¸Àj ªÁ¶ðPÀ DzÁAiÀÄQÌAvÀ PÀrªÉÄ DzÁAiÀÄUÀ½¸ÀÄwÛgÀĪÀÅzÀÄ PÀÆqÀ PÀAqÀħA¢vÀÄ.
PÉêÀ® zÉÆqÀØ »qÀĪÀ½zÁgÀgÀÄ ªÀiÁvÀæ ¸ÀgÁ¸Àj DzÁAiÀÄQÌAvÀ ºÉZÀÄÑ DzÁAiÀÄUÀ½¸ÀÄwÛgÀĪÀÅzÀÄ ¸ÀA±ÉÆÃzsÀ£É¬ÄAzÀ
zÀÈqÀ¥ÀnÖvÀÄ. ¸ÀASÁå±Á¸ÀÛçzÀ ««zsÀ UÀÄuÁA±ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, DzsÁAiÀÄzÀ°è C¹ÜgÀvÉ ºÁUÀÆ ºÀAaPÉAiÀÄ°è C¸ÀªÀiÁ£ÀvÉ
EgÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß vÉÆÃj¹PÉÆlÖªÀÅ. DzsÁAiÀÄzÀ ªÀÄÆ®UÀ¼À°è ªÉÊ«zÀåvÉ ºÉÆAzÀĪÀÅzÀgÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ DzÁAiÀÄzÀ°è ¹ÜgÀvÉ
ºÉÆAzÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ JAzÀÄ jUÉæµÀ£ï «±ÉèõÀuɬÄAzÀ w½zÀħA¢vÀÄ. ¸ÀÆPÀÛ CAvÀgÀ ¨É¼ÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¨É¼ÉAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀgÀ

ªÀÄÆ®PÀ gÉÊvÀjUÉ DzÁAiÀÄzÀ ªÀÄÆ®UÀ¼À°è ªÉÊ«zsÀåvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉaѸÀ®Ä ¥ÉÆæÃvÁìºÀ ¤ÃqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ CUÀvÀå.
ºÉÊ£ÀÄUÁjPÉUÉ GvÉÛÃd£À ¤ÃqÀĪÀÅzÀgÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ gÉÊvÀgÀ DzÁAiÀÄPÉÌ ¹ÜgÀvÉ ¤ÃqÀ§ºÀÄzÁVzÉ.
«zÁåyðAiÀÄ ¸À» (qÁ. n. J£ï. ¥ÀæPÁ±ï PÀªÀÄägÀr)
(D¢vÀå PÉ.J¸ï.) (¥ÀæzsÁ£À ¸À®ºÉUÁgÀgÀÄ)
¢£ÁAPÀ: 13-07-2013
¸ÀܼÀ: ¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ
SURPLUS AND STABILITY OF INCOME OF FARMERS: THE CASE
OF ARECAANUT BASED FARMING SYSTEMS IN KARNATAKA.
ABSTRACT
Surplus income is the net income generated by the farm as a
whole, which represents that portion of income actually available to
the farmer after meeting the production expenses. Present study
attempts to quantify surplus and stability of farmer’s income in
arecanut based farming systems in Karnataka, so as to directly link it
to livelihood security of farmers. Primary data was collected from 120
sample farmers of Thirthahalli, Puttur, Sirsi and Gubbi taluks chosen
from Shimoga, Dakshina Kannada, Uttara Kannada and Tumkur
districts respectively. Surplus income of farmer’s was arrived by
adding computed net income from different enterprises. Stability and
inequality in income distribution was assessed through coefficient of
variation and Gini coefficient. The results of the analysis indicated
that net returns was highest (Rs. 518874) in Areca+Rubber+Dairy
farming system in Puttur taluks. In other three taluks there was no
much difference between the farming systems in terms of profitability.
Share of dairy enterprise out of total income was very low except in
case of Gubbi(where it was 20%) . 80 per cent of the farmers found to
derive income less than that of state average but all the farmers were
above the poverty line. Crop diversification was identified as the factor
reducing the extent of instability in income. From the study it can be
inferred that there is a need to encourage farmers to diversify the
sources of income. Alternative intercrops and dairy enterprise may be
promoted in this regard.

Signature of student (Dr. T.N. Prakash Kammardi)
(ADITYA K.S) (Major adviser)
Date: 13 -07-2013
Place: Bangalore
CONTENTS

CHAPTER CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO
NO
1 INTRODUCTION 1-6
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 7-23
3 METHODOLOGY 24-50
4 RESULTS 51-84
5 DISCUSSION 85-101
6 SUMMARY 102-109
7 REFERENCES 110-117
APPENDICES 118