The case against the global economy : and for a turn towards localization PDF
Preview The case against the global economy : and for a turn towards localization
The Case Against the Global Economy And for a Turn Towards Localization Edited by Edward Goldsmith and Jerry Mander 2 First published by Earthscan in the UK in 2001 For a full list of Earthscan publications please contact: Earthscan 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10017, USA Earthscan is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © Edward Goldsmith and Jerry Mander, 2001. Published by Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notices: Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. 3 Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN-13: 978-1-853-83742-5 (pbk) 4 Contents Acknowledgements Acronyms and abbreviations Introduction: Facing the Rising Tide P 1 E G ART NGINES OF LOBALIZATION 1 Development as Colonialism Edward Goldsmith 2 The Failure of Bretton Woods David Korten 3 Technologies of Globalization Jerry Mander 4 Electronic Money and the Casino Economy Richard Barnet and John Cavanagh 5 Mechanisms of Corporate Rule Tony Clarke 6 The Rules of Corporate Behaviour Jerry Mander 7 Monsanto: A Profile of Corporate Arrogance Brian Tokar 8 The Wal-Martians Have Landed Andrew Rowell 9 Free Trade: The Great Destroyer David Morris P 2 I G ART MPACTS OF LOBALIZATION 10 Structural Adjustment Programmes Walden Bello 11 Jurassic Fund Walden Bello 12 Seeds of Exploitation: Free Trade Zones in the Global Economy Alexander Goldsmith 5 13 The Global Economy and the Developing World Martin Khor 14 The Pressure to Modernize and Globalize Helena Norberg-Hodge 15 Homogenization of Global Culture Richard Barnet and John Cavanagh 16 The World Trade Organization’s Five-Year Record: Seattle in Context Lori Wallach 17 The Environmental Cost of Economic Globalization Simon Retallack 18 The World Trade Organization and Developing World Agriculture Vandana Shiva 19 The World Trade Organization and the Liberalization of Trade in Healthcare and Services Agnes Bertrand and Laurence Kalafatides 20 Fuelling Climate Change Ladan Sobhani and Simon Retallack P 3 S T ART TEPS OWARDS R ELOCALIZATION 21 Shifting Direction: From Global Dependence to Local Interdependence Helena Norberg-Hodge 22 Conserving Communities Wendell Berry 23 Local Money: A Currency for Every Community Perry Walker and Edward Goldsmith 6 24 Saving Our Small Farms and Rural Communities Jules Pretty 25 The New Protectionism of ‘Localization’ Colin Hines and Tim Lang 26 The Last Word Edward Goldsmith References Index 7 Acknowledgements We would like to thank Alexander Goldsmith and Simon Retallack for the important editing work that they have done; Rita Kasai and Rebecca Blech for their invaluable assistance in Richmond; and Akan Leander of Earthscan and Andrea Service, who copy-edited the book, for their skilful help in preparing the book for publication. We would also like to thank Barbara Ras of Sierra Club Books, without whom the original version of this book would not have been published. Edward Goldsmith and Jerry Mander April 2001 8 Acronyms and Abbreviations ACEA European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association ADB Asian Development Bank ADM Archer Daniels Midland AID Agency for International Development (US) AMS aggregate measure of support AOA Agreement on Agriculture (WTO) ATM automated teller machine BGH bovine growth hormone BP British Petroleum BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathy BTU British thermal unit CAFE Corporate Average Fuel Economy (US) CD compact disc CEO chief executive officer CES Centre for Environment and Society (UK) CFC chlorofluorocarbon CHIPS New York Clearing House Interbank Payment System CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CO carbon dioxide 2 CSA community-supported agriculture CSI Coalition of Service Industries (US) CWS Cooperative Wholesale Society (UK) DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane DETR Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (UK) ECA US export-credit agency EEC European Economic Community EGAT Thailand State Electricity Corporation 9 EPA Environmental Protection Agency (US) ERBD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ESAF extended structural adjustment facility ESN European Services Network EU European Union Ex-Im Export-Import Bank FABBL Farm Assured British Beef and Lamb FABPIGFarm Assured British Pigs FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN) FDA Food and Drug Administration (US) FDI foreign direct investment FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (US) FTZ free-trade zone FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act FoE Friends of the Earth GAO General Accounting Office (US Congress) GAST General Agreement for Sustainable Trade GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GDP gross domestic product GM General Motors GM genetically modified GMO genetically modified organism GNP gross national product GPI genuine progress indicator IAFS Integrated Arable Farming System ICM Integrated crop management IFCT Thailand Industrial Finance Corporation IFG International Forum on Globalization ILSR Institute for Local Self-Reliance (US) IMF International Monetary Fund 10
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