The Cambridge Survey of World Migration

594 Pages·1995·74.271 MB·English

by  Robin Cohen

The Cambridge Survey of World Migration begins in the sixteenth century with the establishment of
European colonies overseas and covers the history of migration to the late twentieth century, when
political conflict, global communications and transport systems stimulated immense and complex
flows of displaced persons, labour migrants and skilled professionals. In ninety-five contributions,
leading scholars from twenty-seven different countries consider a wide variety of issues including
regional migration patterns, the flights of refugees and illegal migration. Each entry constitutes a
substantive essay, supported by up-to-date bibliographies, tables, plates, maps and figures. As the
most wide-ranging coverage of migration in a single volume, the book will be an indispensable
reference tool for scholars and students in the field.

THE CAMBRIDGE SURVEY OF WORLD MIGRATION

THE CAMBRIDGE
SURVEY OF
WORLD MIGRATION
Edited by
ROBIN COHEN
University of Warwick
CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore,
Sao Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521147767
© The editor and contributors 1995
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 1995
First paperback printing 2010
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data
The Cambridge survey of world migration / edited by Robin Cohen.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0 521 44405 5
1. Emigration and immigration - History. I. Cohen, Robin, 1944-
JV6021.C35 1995
304.8'09 - dc20 95-16842 CIP
ISBN 978-0-521-44405-7 Hardback
ISBN 978-0-521-14776-7 Paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or
accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in
this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is,
or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
Contents
List of illustrations page xi
List of tables xii
Notes on the contributors xiii
1 Prologue Robin Cohen 1
2 European colonization and settlement 11
The British colonies of settlement Hugh Tinker 14
Emigration to the Dutch colonies and the USA Jan Lucassen 21
Spanish migration to the Americas Ida Altman 28
French colonial migration Michael Heffernan 33
The growth of restrictive immigration policies in the colonies of settlement Roger Daniels 39
3 Asian indentured and colonial migration 45
Indentured migrants from Japan Mitsuru Shimpo 48
Chinese indentured labour: coolies and colonies Ong Jin Hui 51
Indian indentured migration to the Caribbean Steven Vertovec 57
Indian indentured workers in Mauritius, Natal and Fiji Ravinder K. Thiara 63
Sikh free and military migration during the colonial period Darshan Singh Tatla 69
The settlement of South Asians in East Africa Michael Twaddle 74
4 The great Atlantic migration to North America 77
The Irish and the 'famine exodus' of 1847 Robert Scally 80
The Scandinavian migrants Jon Gjerde 85
Unbroken links: Portuguese emigration to the USA Maria Ioannis B. Baganha 91
East Europeans on the move Ewa Morawska 97
Migration from the German and Austro-Hungarian empires to North America Walter Nugent 103
A continuing presence: North America's Ukrainians Lubomyr Y. Luciuk 109
The Italian diaspora, 1876-1976 Rudolph J. Vecoli 114
5 Migration in Europe, 1800-1950 123
Moving Europeans: historical migration practices in western Europe Leslie Page Moch 126
Germany: migrations in Europe up to the end of the Weimar Republic Klaus J. Bade 131
Wanderers or migrants? Gypsies from eastern to western Europe, 1860-1940
Leo Lucassen and Wim Willems 136
Italians and Poles in France, 1880-1945 Gerard Noiriel 142
viii Contents
Russians and Armenians in France G(cid:296)rard Noiriel 145
Jewish economic and refugee migrations, 1880-1950 Colin Holmes 148
The resettlement of displaced persons in Europe, 1946-1951 Diana Kay 154
6 Migration in Africa 159
Forced labour and migration in Portugal's African colonies Shubi L. Ishemo 162
The politics of international migration in post-colonial Africa Aderanti Adepoju 166
Cheap gold: mine labour in southern Africa Jonathan Crush 172
Migrant labour and the state under apartheid, 1948—1989 Alan H. Jeeves 178
Regional labour migration systems in East Africa: continuity and change W. T. S. Gould 183
Labour migration in French North Africa Neil MacMaster 190
People on the move in West Africa: from pre-colonial polities to post-independence
states Kenneth Swindell 196
7 Latin and Central American migration 203
Uruguayan migration Henry Finch 205
European and Asian migration to Brazil Herbert S. Klein 208
European migration to Argentina, 1880—1930 Jeremy Adelman 215
The Chinese of Peru, Cuba and Mexico Evelyn Hu-DeHart 220
The migration of labour in Colombia Luz Marina Diaz 223
Central American refugees to the USA Elizabeth G. Ferris 226
Chile's exiles and their return: two faces of expatriation Jaime Llambias-Wolff 229
8 Migration to North America after 1945 233
Mexican immigration to the USA: the contradictions of border control Kitty Calavita 236
Anglophone Caribbean migration to the USA and Canada Ceri Peach 245
Migratory trends in Puerto Rico: 1950 to the present Juan E. Hernandez-Cruz 248
A comparative view of Asian immigration to the USA John M. Liu 253
Contemporary migration from Africa to the USA Laura Bigman 260
Migration to Canada in the post-war period Lawrence Lam and Anthony H. Richmond 263
9 Labour migration to western Europe after 1945 271
'New Commonwealth' migration to the UK Muhammad Anwar 21A
Turkish migration to Europe Nermin Abadan-Unat 279
Former Yugoslavia: long waves of international migration Carl-Ulrik Schierup 285
Labour migration to France Philip E. Ogden 289
Labour migration to Sweden: the Finnish case Tomas Hammar 297
Switzerland: a non-immigration immigration country Hans-Joachim Hoffmann-Nowotny 302
From workers to immigrants: Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands,
1965-1992 Hans van Amersfoort 308
Italy and Greece: from emigrants to immigrants Rossettos Fakiolas 313
Portugal and Spain: from exporters to importers of labour Car lota Sol(cid:296) 316