The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World

601 Pages·2008·4.255 MB·English

by  Kate Fleet, Suraiya N. Faroqhi, Reşat Kasaba

the cambridge history of
TURKEY
*
Turkey’smodernhistoryhasbeenshapedbyitssocietyanditsinsti-
tutions.Whilethedevelopmentofitssocietydefieseasycategori-
sation,thestatehasbeencraftedthroughtheactivitiesofarangeof
politicalactors,allwiththeirownparticularvisionofwhatTurkey
shouldlooklike.Ateamofsomeofthemostdistinguishedscholars
ofmodernTurkeyhascometogetherinthisvolumetoexplorethe
interactionbetweenthesetwoaspectsofTurkishmodernisation.
TheCambridgeHistoryofTurkey,volume4,beginsinthenineteenth
centuryandtracesthehistoricalbackgroundthroughthereforms
ofthelateOttomanEmpire,theperiodoftheYoungTurks,theWar
ofIndependenceandthefoundingofAtatu¨rk’sRepublic.There-
after, the volume focuses on the Republican period to consider
a range of themes including political ideology, economic devel-
opment,themilitary,migration,Kurdishnationalism,theriseof
Islamismandwomen’sstruggleforempowerment.Thevolume
concludeswithchaptersonartandarchitecture,literatureanda
briefhistoryofIstanbul.
Res¸at Kasaba isHenryM.JacksonProfessorinInternational
StudiesattheUniversityofWashington.HeistheauthorofThe
OttomanEmpireandtheWorldEconomyandco-editorofRethinking
ModernityandNationalIdentityinTurkey.
the cambridge history of
TURKEY
Foundingeditor
I.Met˙in Kunt,ProfessorofHistory,SabancıUniversity
The Cambridge History of Turkey represents a monumental
enterprise. The History, comprising four volumes, covers the
periodfromtheendoftheeleventhcentury,withthearrivalofthe
TurksinAnatolia,throughtheemergenceoftheearlyOttoman
state,anditsdevelopmentintoapowerfulempireinthefifteenth
and sixteenth centuries, encompassing a massive territory from
thebordersofIranintheeast,toHungaryinthewest,andNorth
AfricaandtheArabianPeninsulainthesouth.Thelastvolume
coversitsdestructionintheaftermathoftheFirstWorldWar,and
thehistoryofthemodernstateofTurkeywhicharosefromthe
ashesofempire.Chaptersfromaninternationalteamofcontrib-
utorsreflecttheverysignificantadvancesthathavetakenplacein
OttomanhistoryandTurkishstudiesinrecentyears.
volume 1
Byzantium-Turkey,1071–1453
EditedbyKateFleet
volume 2
TheOttomanEmpireasaWorldPower,1453–1603
EditedbySuraiyaN.FaroqhiandKateFleet
volume 3
TheLaterOttomanEmpire,1603–1839
EditedbySuraiyaN.Faroqhi
volume 4
TurkeyintheModernWorld
EditedbyRes¸atKasaba
THE CAMBRIDGE
HISTORY OF
TURKEY
*
VOLUME 4
Turkey in the Modern World
*
Editedby
RES¸AT KASABA
cambridge university press
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CambridgeUniversityPress
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PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521620963
(cid:2)c CambridgeUniversityPress2008
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout
thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2008
PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
isbn978-0-521-62096-3hardback
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accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto
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Contents
·Listofillustrations viii
·Listofmaps ix
·Listoftablesandgraphs x
·Listofcontributors xi
·Chronology xiv
·Acknowledgements xxi
·Anoteontransliteration xxii
·Listofabbreviations xxiii
· 1 · Introduction 1
res¸at kasaba
part i
OTTOMAN BACKGROUND AND TRANSITION
· 2 · TheTanzimat 11
carter vaughn findley
· 3 · ThereignofAbdu¨lhamidII 38
benjamin c. fortna
· 4 · TheSecondConstitutionalPeriod,1908–1918 62
m. s¸u¨kru¨ han˙iog˘lu
· 5 · Thestruggleforindependence 112
hasan kayalı
v
Contents
· 6 · Atatu¨rk 147
andrew mango
part ii
REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
· 7 · MigrationandTurkey:thedynamicsofstate,societyandpolitics 175
kemal k˙ir˙is¸c˙i
· 8 · ThemigrationstoryofTurksinGermany:fromthe
beginningtotheend 199
levent soysal
· 9 · PoliticsandpoliticalpartiesinRepublicanTurkey 226
feroz ahmad
· 10 · Economicchangeintwentieth-centuryTurkey:is
theglassmorethanhalffull? 266
s¸evket pamuk
· 11 · Ideology,contextandinterest:theTurkishmilitary 301
u¨m˙it c˙izre
· 12 · KurdsandtheTurkishstate 333
ham˙it bozarslan
· 13 · IslamandpoliticsincontemporaryTurkey 357
jenny b. white
· 14 · SufismandIslamicgroupsincontemporaryTurkey 381
ahmet yu¨kleyen
· 15 · Contestationandcollaboration:women’sstrugglesfor
empowermentinTurkey 388
yes¸˙im arat
· 16 · ArtandarchitectureinmodernTurkey:theRepublicanperiod 419
s˙ibel bozdog˘an
vi
Contents
· 17 · ThenovelinTurkish:narrativetraditiontoNobelprize 472
erdag˘ go¨knar
· 18 · AbriefhistoryofmodernIstanbul 504
c¸ag˘lar keyder
·Selectbibliography 524
·Index 542
vii
Illustrations
9.1 PresidentCelalBayarinspectingtroopswithCemalGu¨rsel 240
15.1 Demonstrationagainstarticle438ofthepenalcode 398
15.2 Thebannerreads:‘Ourbodiesareours,ourlabourisours,our
identityisours.’ 399
16.1 OttomanrevivalistFirstNationalStylebuildingsinAnkara 425
16.2 ZekiFaik˙Izer,I˙nkılapYolunda 430
16.3 Womenartists 434
16.4 C¸ubukdam,publicparkandrestaurantoutsideAnkara 435
16.5 AnkaraasthenewcapitalcitywiththenewExhibitionHall 436
16.6 OpeningoftheAnkararailwaystation 439
16.7 Anıtkabir:Atatu¨rk’smausoleum 440
16.8 Tas¸lıkCoffeeHouse 443
16.9 Earlyexamplesofsquatterhouses(gecekondu)inAnkara 444
16.10 IstanbulHiltonHotel 446
16.11 TheTurkishPavilionattheBrusselsInternationalExpo(1958) 447
16.12 PrimeMinisterAdnanMenderesreviewingthemodelfortheGolden
HornBridge 449
16.13 DemolitionsinTarlabas¸ıinIstanbulinthe1950s 450
16.14 FahrelnissaZeid,Soyutakar¸sımu¨cadele 451
16.15 ErolAkyavas¸,Mirac¸name 457
16.16 KocatepeMosquecomplex,Ankara 459
16.17 NewresidentialdevelopmentinKemer,Istanbul 461
16.18 KanyonTowerresidences/shoppingmallinIstanbul 464
16.19 NewYorkTimesarticleonthePicassoExhibitioninSabancıMuseum,
Istanbul 467
16.20 Minyatu¨rk 469
viii
Maps
Map1 TheOttomanEmpire,1829 xxv
Map2 TheRepublicofTurkey,2006 xxvi
ix