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The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World PDF

601 Pages·2008·4.255 MB·English
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the cambridge history of TURKEY * Turkey’smodernhistoryhasbeenshapedbyitssocietyanditsinsti- tutions.Whilethedevelopmentofitssocietydefieseasycategori- sation,thestatehasbeencraftedthroughtheactivitiesofarangeof politicalactors,allwiththeirownparticularvisionofwhatTurkey shouldlooklike.Ateamofsomeofthemostdistinguishedscholars ofmodernTurkeyhascometogetherinthisvolumetoexplorethe interactionbetweenthesetwoaspectsofTurkishmodernisation. TheCambridgeHistoryofTurkey,volume4,beginsinthenineteenth centuryandtracesthehistoricalbackgroundthroughthereforms ofthelateOttomanEmpire,theperiodoftheYoungTurks,theWar ofIndependenceandthefoundingofAtatu¨rk’sRepublic.There- after, the volume focuses on the Republican period to consider a range of themes including political ideology, economic devel- opment,themilitary,migration,Kurdishnationalism,theriseof Islamismandwomen’sstruggleforempowerment.Thevolume concludeswithchaptersonartandarchitecture,literatureanda briefhistoryofIstanbul. Res¸at Kasaba isHenryM.JacksonProfessorinInternational StudiesattheUniversityofWashington.HeistheauthorofThe OttomanEmpireandtheWorldEconomyandco-editorofRethinking ModernityandNationalIdentityinTurkey. the cambridge history of TURKEY Foundingeditor I.Met˙in Kunt,ProfessorofHistory,SabancıUniversity The Cambridge History of Turkey represents a monumental enterprise. The History, comprising four volumes, covers the periodfromtheendoftheeleventhcentury,withthearrivalofthe TurksinAnatolia,throughtheemergenceoftheearlyOttoman state,anditsdevelopmentintoapowerfulempireinthefifteenth and sixteenth centuries, encompassing a massive territory from thebordersofIranintheeast,toHungaryinthewest,andNorth AfricaandtheArabianPeninsulainthesouth.Thelastvolume coversitsdestructionintheaftermathoftheFirstWorldWar,and thehistoryofthemodernstateofTurkeywhicharosefromthe ashesofempire.Chaptersfromaninternationalteamofcontrib- utorsreflecttheverysignificantadvancesthathavetakenplacein OttomanhistoryandTurkishstudiesinrecentyears. volume 1 Byzantium-Turkey,1071–1453 EditedbyKateFleet volume 2 TheOttomanEmpireasaWorldPower,1453–1603 EditedbySuraiyaN.FaroqhiandKateFleet volume 3 TheLaterOttomanEmpire,1603–1839 EditedbySuraiyaN.Faroqhi volume 4 TurkeyintheModernWorld EditedbyRes¸atKasaba THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF TURKEY * VOLUME 4 Turkey in the Modern World * Editedby RES¸AT KASABA cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb28ru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521620963 (cid:2)c CambridgeUniversityPress2008 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2008 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary isbn978-0-521-62096-3hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Contents ·Listofillustrations viii ·Listofmaps ix ·Listoftablesandgraphs x ·Listofcontributors xi ·Chronology xiv ·Acknowledgements xxi ·Anoteontransliteration xxii ·Listofabbreviations xxiii · 1 · Introduction 1 res¸at kasaba part i OTTOMAN BACKGROUND AND TRANSITION · 2 · TheTanzimat 11 carter vaughn findley · 3 · ThereignofAbdu¨lhamidII 38 benjamin c. fortna · 4 · TheSecondConstitutionalPeriod,1908–1918 62 m. s¸u¨kru¨ han˙iog˘lu · 5 · Thestruggleforindependence 112 hasan kayalı v Contents · 6 · Atatu¨rk 147 andrew mango part ii REPUBLIC OF TURKEY · 7 · MigrationandTurkey:thedynamicsofstate,societyandpolitics 175 kemal k˙ir˙is¸c˙i · 8 · ThemigrationstoryofTurksinGermany:fromthe beginningtotheend 199 levent soysal · 9 · PoliticsandpoliticalpartiesinRepublicanTurkey 226 feroz ahmad · 10 · Economicchangeintwentieth-centuryTurkey:is theglassmorethanhalffull? 266 s¸evket pamuk · 11 · Ideology,contextandinterest:theTurkishmilitary 301 u¨m˙it c˙izre · 12 · KurdsandtheTurkishstate 333 ham˙it bozarslan · 13 · IslamandpoliticsincontemporaryTurkey 357 jenny b. white · 14 · SufismandIslamicgroupsincontemporaryTurkey 381 ahmet yu¨kleyen · 15 · Contestationandcollaboration:women’sstrugglesfor empowermentinTurkey 388 yes¸˙im arat · 16 · ArtandarchitectureinmodernTurkey:theRepublicanperiod 419 s˙ibel bozdog˘an vi Contents · 17 · ThenovelinTurkish:narrativetraditiontoNobelprize 472 erdag˘ go¨knar · 18 · AbriefhistoryofmodernIstanbul 504 c¸ag˘lar keyder ·Selectbibliography 524 ·Index 542 vii Illustrations 9.1 PresidentCelalBayarinspectingtroopswithCemalGu¨rsel 240 15.1 Demonstrationagainstarticle438ofthepenalcode 398 15.2 Thebannerreads:‘Ourbodiesareours,ourlabourisours,our identityisours.’ 399 16.1 OttomanrevivalistFirstNationalStylebuildingsinAnkara 425 16.2 ZekiFaik˙Izer,I˙nkılapYolunda 430 16.3 Womenartists 434 16.4 C¸ubukdam,publicparkandrestaurantoutsideAnkara 435 16.5 AnkaraasthenewcapitalcitywiththenewExhibitionHall 436 16.6 OpeningoftheAnkararailwaystation 439 16.7 Anıtkabir:Atatu¨rk’smausoleum 440 16.8 Tas¸lıkCoffeeHouse 443 16.9 Earlyexamplesofsquatterhouses(gecekondu)inAnkara 444 16.10 IstanbulHiltonHotel 446 16.11 TheTurkishPavilionattheBrusselsInternationalExpo(1958) 447 16.12 PrimeMinisterAdnanMenderesreviewingthemodelfortheGolden HornBridge 449 16.13 DemolitionsinTarlabas¸ıinIstanbulinthe1950s 450 16.14 FahrelnissaZeid,Soyutakar¸sımu¨cadele 451 16.15 ErolAkyavas¸,Mirac¸name 457 16.16 KocatepeMosquecomplex,Ankara 459 16.17 NewresidentialdevelopmentinKemer,Istanbul 461 16.18 KanyonTowerresidences/shoppingmallinIstanbul 464 16.19 NewYorkTimesarticleonthePicassoExhibitioninSabancıMuseum, Istanbul 467 16.20 Minyatu¨rk 469 viii Maps Map1 TheOttomanEmpire,1829 xxv Map2 TheRepublicofTurkey,2006 xxvi ix

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