The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Volume 2, Part 2: Mesoamerica

457 Pages·2000·3 MB·English

by  Richard E.W. Adams

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY
OF THE NATIVE PEOPLES OF
THE AMERICAS
VOLUME II
Mesoamerica
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY
OF THE NATIVE PEOPLES OF
THE AMERICAS
VOLUMEI:NORTHAMERICA
Editedby Bruce G. Triggerand WilcombE. Washburn
VOLUMEII:MESOAMERICA
Editedby RichardE. W. Adamsand MurdoJ. MacLeod
VOLUMEIII:SOUTHAMERICA
Editedby FrankSalomonand StuartB. Schwartz
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY
OF THE NATIVE PEOPLES OF
THE AMERICAS
VOLUME II
MESOAMERICA
PART 2
Edited by
Richard E.W. Adams Murdo J. MacLeod
UniversityofTexas UniversityofFlorida
atSanAntonio
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
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(cid:1)CambridgeUniversityPress2000
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Firstpublished2000
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LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
Mesoamerica/editedbyRichardE.W.Adams,MurdoJ.Macleod
p. cm.–(CambridgehistoryoftheNativepeoplesoftheAmericas)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0521652049
1.IndiansofMesoamerica–History.
I.Adams,RichardE.W. II.Macleod,MurdoJ. III.Series.
E77.N62 2000
970.004'97–dc20 95-46096
CIP
VolumeI: NorthAmerica ISBN0-521-34440-9 hardbackcompleteset
VolumeI: NorthAmerica,Part1 ISBN0-521-57392-0
VolumeI: NorthAmerica,Part2 ISBN0-521-57393-9
VolumeII: Mesoamerica ISBN0-521-65205-7 hardbackcompleteset
VolumeII: Mesoamerica,Part1 ISBN0-521-35165-0
VolumeII: Mesoamerica,Part2 ISBN0-521-65204-9
VolumeIII: SouthAmerica ISBN0-521-33393-8 hardbackcompleteset
VolumeIII: SouthAmerica,Part1 ISBN0-521-63075-4
VolumeIII: SouthAmerica,Part2 ISBN0-521-63076-2
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
CONTENTS
ListofIllustrations pageix
Part1
1 IntroductiontoaSurveyoftheNativePrehistoricCulturesof
Mesoamerica 1
RICHARDE.W.ADAMS
2 ThePaleoindianandArchaicCulturesofMesoamerica 45
ROBERTN.ZEITLINANDJUDITHFRANCISZEITLIN
3 ThePreclassicSocietiesoftheCentralHighlandsofMesoamerica 122
DAVIDC.GROVE
4 ThePrecolumbianCulturesoftheGulfCoast 156
RICHARDA.DIEHL
5 TheMayaLowlands:PioneerFarmerstoMerchantPrinces 197
NORMANHAMMOND
6 TheCentralAmericanHighlandsfromtheRiseofTeotihuacan
totheDeclineofTula 250
GEORGEL.COWGILL
7 WesternandNorthwesternMexico 318
SHIRLEYS.GORENSTEIN
8 CulturalEvolutioninOaxaca:TheOriginsoftheZapotecand
MixtecCivilizations 358
JOYCEMARCUSANDKENTV.FLANNERY
9 TheSoutheastFrontiersofMesoamerica 407
PAYSOND.SHEETS
v
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vi Contents
10 TheMayaHighlandsandtheAdjacentPacificCoast 449
ROBERTJ.SHARER
11 TheAztecsandTheirContemporaries:TheCentralandEastern
MexicanHighlands 500
THOMASH.CHARLTON
IndextoPart1 559
Part2
12 MesoamericasincetheSpanishInvasion:AnOverview 1
MURDOJ.MACLEOD
13 LegaciesofResistance,Adaptation,andTenacity:Historyofthe
NativePeoplesofNorthwestMexico 44
SUSANM.DEEDS
14 TheNativePeoplesofNortheasternMexico 89
DAVIDFRYE
15 TheIndigenousPeoplesofWesternMexicofromtheSpanish
InvasiontothePresent 136
ERICVANYOUNG
16 NativePeoplesofColonialCentralMexico 187
SARAHL.CLINE
17 NativePeoplesofCentralMexicosinceIndependence 223
FRANSJ.SCHRYER
18 NativePeoplesoftheGulfCoastfromthe
ColonialPeriodtothePresent 274
SUSANDEANS-SMITH
19 TheIndigenousPopulationofOaxacafromtheSixteenth
CenturytothePresent 302
MAR´IADELOSANGELESROMEROFRIZZI
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Contents vii
20 TheLowlandMaya,fromtheConquesttothePresent 346
GRANTD.JONES
21 TheHighlandMaya 392
W.GEORGELOVELL
IndextoPart2 445
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
ILLUSTRATIONS
MAPS TO PART I
I.I A general map of Mesoamerica, showing major ancient,
colonial, and modern population centers page 8
2.1 North America, showing Bering land bridge, Late
Pleistocene glacial zones, and probable migration routes
into Mesoamerica 52
2.2 Mesoamerica, indicating location of Paleoindian sites 57
2.3 Archaeological sites of the Mesoamerican Archaic
period 72
3.1 Preclassic sites in the central highlands 124
4.1 Archaeological sites of the Mexican Gulf Coast region 158
5.1 Important sites in the Maya Area: Preclassic through
Postclassic period 198
5.2 Mayan language areas 199
5.3 Major environmental divisions 201
6.1 The central Mexican highlands 251
7.1 Sites in Guanajuato, Michoacan, Jalisco, Colima, and
Nayarit 320
7.2 Sites in Zacatecas, Durango, and coastal western
Mexico 329
7.3 Guerrero: The Balsas-Tepalcatepec Basin 335
7.4 Sites in northern Sinaloa and in Sonora 338
8.1 Archaeological sites and ethnic groups of Oaxaca 359
9.1 Archaeological sites and obsidian sources of ancient
Mesoamerica 409
9.2 The southeastern Mesoamerican frontier in the Middle
Formative period, 1000—500 B.C.E. 418
9.3 Mesoamerica, the Intermediate Area, and the frontier
in the Late Formative period, 500 B.C.E.-C.E. 250 421
IX
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x Illustrations
9.4 Mesoamerica, the Intermediate Area, and the frontier
in the Early Classic period, C.E. 250-600 424
9.5 Mesoamerica, the Intermediate Area, and the frontier
in the Late Classic period, C.E. 600-900 427
9.6 Mesoamerica, the Intermediate Area, and the frontier
in the Postclassic period • 438
10.1 Archaeological sites of the Maya highlands and the
adjacent Pacific Coast 450
11.1 Central Mexican symbiotic region 501
11.2 Epi-Teotihuacan period occupation 503
11.3 Early Aztec period occupation 504
11.4 Late Aztec occupation 505
FIGURES TO PART I
2.1 Temporal framework for the Paleoindian and Archaic
periods 48
2.2 Clovis-type fluted projectile point from the Valley of
Oaxaca, Mexico, and Ladyville, Belize 64
2.3 "Fishtail" point from Madden Lake, Panama 65
2.4 Projectile points from Santa Isabel Iztapan: (A) Scottsbluff;
(B) Lerma; (C) Angostura 66
2.5 Tequixquiac carved camelid sacrum 70
2.6 Typical Archaic period mano and metate from Tehuacan 77
2.7 Corncob remains from excavations at Tehuacan 78
2.8 Guila Naquitz Cave, in its environmental setting 81
2.9 Naquitz-phase lithic artifacts: (A) notched flake; (B)
denticulate scraper; (C) crude blade 81
2.10 Net bag fragment from Guild Naquitz 82
2.11 Wild plant food remains from excavations at Guila Naquitz
Cave 83
2.12 Late Archaic/Early Formative lithic artifacts from Belize 88
2.13 Experimentally grown teosinte from the Valley of
Oaxaca 100
3.1 Typical Early Preclassic clay figurines 129
3.2 Crocodilian supernatural, Tlapacoya 135
3.3 Paw and wing motifs, Tlatilco 135
3.4 Sharklike supernaturals, La Bocas 137
3.5 Ritual scene, Monument 2, Chalcatzingo 143
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Illustrations xi
3.6 Cliff carving, Monument 1, Chalcatzingo 145
3.7 Stela depicting a woman, Monument 21, Chalcatzingo 147
4.1 Olmec colossal head, San Lorenzo Monument 61 165
4.2 Olmec diopside-jadeite figurine 166
4.3 Tres Zapotes Stela C 170
4.4 La Mojarra Stela 1 171
4.5 Matacapan kiln 175
4.6 El Taj in Pyramid of the Niches 177
4.7 Carved panel, El Tajin South ballcourt 178
4.8 Stone yoke 180
4.9 Smiling face figurine, El Zapotal 181
4.10 Monumental hollow sculpture, clay, El Zapotal 183
4.11 Huastec stone sculpture at Castillo de Teayo 186
4.12 Castillo de Teayo pyramid 187
4.13 Mausoleums at Quiahuiztlan 189
4.14 Hernan Cortes and Dona Marina after landing on the
beach at Quiahuiztlan 190
5.1 Structure 326 at Cuello, Belize, seen from above 207
5.2 Rio Azul, an Early Classic city 218
5.3 The popol na or council house at Copan after
restoration 229
5.4 The palace at Palenque 230
5.5 Puuc-style palace at Sayil 239
5.6 The Castillo at Chichen Itza 240
5.7 The Great Ballcourt at Chichen Itza, the largest in
Mesoamerica 241
5.8 The first and second churches at Lamanai 246
6.1 An aerial view of Teotihuacan 254
6.2 Teotihuacan talud-tablero architecture 256
6.3 One of the "Kneeling Jaguar" murals from the Tetitla
apartment compound 257
6.4 Archaeological map of Teotihuacan 260
6.5 West facade of the Feathered Serpent Pyramid, Temple of
Quetzalcoatl . 266
6.6 One of the feathered serpent and headdress pairs on the
Feathered Serpent Pyramid 266
6.7 A sacrifice victim in military attire 270
6.8 Nose pendants worn by sacrificed victims 271
6.9 Stone skulls from die Sun Plaza, Teotihuacan 274
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008