The Cambridge History of the Napoleonic Wars: Volume 3, Experience, Culture and Memory

688 Pages·2022·9.816 MB·English

by  Alan Forrest (editor), Peter Hicks (editor)

the cambridge history of
THE NAPOLEONIC WARS
VolumeIIIofTheCambridgeHistoryoftheNapoleonicWarsmoves
awayfromthebattlefieldtoexplorebroaderquestionsofsociety
andculture.Leadingscholarsfromaroundtheglobeshowhow
theconflictleftitsmarkonvirtuallyeveryaspectofsociety.They
reflect on the experience of the soldiers who fought in them,
examiningsuchmattersasmilitarymorale,ideasofhonourand
masculinity,thetreatmentofwoundsandthefateofprisonersof
war;andthey exploresocialissues suchas therole ofcivilians,
women’s experience, trans-border encounters and the roots of
armedresistance.Theyalsodemonstratehowtheexperienceof
war was inextricably linked to empire and the wider world.
Individual chapters discuss the depiction of the Wars in
literature and the arts and their lasting impact on European
culture. The volume concludes by examining the memory of
theWarsandtheirlegacyforthenineteenth-centuryworld.
ALAN FORREST is Emeritus Professor of Modern History at the
UniversityofYork.HispreviouspublicationsincludeNapoleon’sMen:
TheSoldiersoftheRevolutionandEmpire(2002),TheLegacyoftheFrench
Revolutionary Wars: The Nation-in-Arms in French Republican Memory
(2009), Napoleon (2011), Waterloo (2015), and The Death of the French
Atlantic:Trade,WarandSlaveryintheAgeofRevolution(2020).Heisco-
editor,withMatthiasMiddell,ofTheRoutledgeCompaniontotheFrench
RevolutioninWorldHistory(2016).
PETER HICKS is International Affairs Manager at the Fondation
Napoléon, Paris, and Lecturer, Institut Catholique des Études
Supérieures, La Roche s/Yon. His previous publications include
Emmanuel de Las Cases, Le Mémorial de Sainte Hélène: Le manuscrit
retrouvé, critical edition with presentation and commentary, with
Thierry Lentz, François Houdecek and Chantal Prévot (2017), and
The Napoleonic Empire and the New European Political Culture, with
MichaelBroersandAgustinGuimerá(2012).
the cambridge history of
THE NAPOLEONIC WARS
GeneralEditor
AlanForrest,UniversityofYork
TheCambridgeHistoryoftheNapoleonicWarsisadefinitivehistory
of the Napoleonic Wars drawing on a wealth of modern
scholarship and leading expertise in the field. It offers
a comprehensive account of the Wars from their origins in
eighteenth-century diplomacy to the memory and political
legacy they left behind. The three volumes cover the grand
strategies of the combatants, the campaigns they fought and
the composition of the forces at their disposal; they analyse
their conflicting ideologies, alliances and diplomacy, and the
varieties of resistance and occupation; and they assess their
legacy for future generations. They challenge conventional
assumptions about the nature of war in the period and apply
methodologies derived from social and cultural history as well
asfromthenewmilitaryhistoryofrecentyears.Thesevolumes
takefullaccountofthelatestresearchandpresentahistoryofthe
NapoleonicWarsforthetwenty-firstcentury.
VolumeI
PoliticsandDiplomacy
editedbymichaelbroersandphilipdwyer
VolumeII
FightingtheNapoleonicWars
editedbybrunocolsonandalexandermikaberidze
VolumeIII
Experience,CultureandMemory
editedbyalanforrestandpeterhicks
THE CAMBRIDGE
HISTORY OF
THE NAPOLEONIC WARS
*
VOLUME III
Experience, Culture and Memory
*
Editedby
ALAN FORREST
UniversityofYork
PETER HICKS
FondationNapoléon,Paris
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Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108417679
DOI:10.1017/9781108278119
©CambridgeUniversityPress2022
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Three-volumesetISBN 978-1-108-22691-2Hardback
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VolumeIIIISBN 978-1-108-41767-9Hardback
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Contents
ListofFigures pageix
ListofMaps xii
ListofContributorstoVolumeIII xiii
IntroductiontoVolumeIII 1
alan forrest and peter hicks
part i
THE EXPERIENCE OF WAR 7
1.TheSoldiers’ExperienceofWar 9
leighton s. james
2.MilitaryValues:HeroismandMasculinity 30
michael j. hughes
3.MilitaryMedicine 50
martin r. howard
4.WomenandtheHomeFront 73
catriona kennedy
5.PrisonersofWar 93
elodie duche´
v
Contents
part ii
THE EXPERIENCE OF IMPERIAL RULE 115
6.BlockadeandEconomicWarfare 117
katherine aaslestad
7.CrossingBorders:EncounterswiththeOther 142
mike rapport
8.PopularResistance:TheCaseofNapoleonicItaly 162
michael broers
9.Collaboration:TheCaseoftheDuchyofWarsaw 181
jarosław czubaty
10.MilitaryResistance:Desertion 201
alan forrest
11.Liberation:MythandRealityinGermany 220
ute planert
part iii
WAR, CULTURE AND MEMORY 239
12.MemoirsandtheCommunicationofMemory 241
philip dwyer and matilda greig
13.Festivals,CeremoniesandPublicCommemorations 260
philip dwyer
14.ThePortrayalofHeroism 279
richard taws
15.TheFineArtsandtheNapoleonicWars 302
david o’brien
16.PoetsandNovelists:WritingtheMemoryofWar 328
philip shaw
vi
Contents
17.PoliticalKeyboardMusicinRevolutionaryandNapoleonicFrance:
‘TheBattle’ 347
peter hicks
18.TheNapoleonicWarsinCaricature 373
pascal dupuy
19.TheNapoleonicWarsinEuropeanCinema 395
wolfgang koller
20.Nostalgia,oraRuinwithaView 417
peter fritzsche
part iv
THE AFTERMATH AND LEGACY OF THE WARS 433
21.Demobilisation,VeteransandCivilSocietyaftertheEmpire
inFrance 435
natalie petiteau
22.Women,theNationandtheCollectiveMemory
oftheNapoleonicWars 451
karen hagemann
23.Jomini,ClausewitzandtheTheoryofWar 475
hew strachan
24.TheLegacyofCounter-revolution:
ConservativeIdeologyandLegitimisminFrance 494
ambrogio a. caiani
25.Bonapartism 512
robert alexander
26.TheLegacyoftheWarsfortheInternationalSystem 532
beatrice de graaf
27.TheDislocationoftheGlobalHispanicWorld 550
graciela iglesias-rogers
vii
Contents
28.GlobalEmpire:Britain’sCentury,1815–1914 568
gregory fremont-barnes
29.TheNapoleonicWarsandRealmsofMemoryinEurope 588
nicoletta marini d’armenia and luigi mascilli
migliorini
BibliographicEssays 610
Index 646
viii
Figures
3.1 Larrey’sflyingambulance(Lesuniformesdu1erEmpire.Lestransports
duServicedesanté.AmbulancesvolantesdeLarrey.Voiturelégère
enaction–1805).Source:CultureClub/HultonArchiveviaGettyImages. page57
3.2 BritishregimentalsurgeonsdressthewoundedattheBattleofFuentes
deOñoroin1811.Twosoldiers,probablybandsmen,carryanimprovised
stretcher.Theartist,ThomasStauntonStClair,servedasaninfantry
officerinthePeninsularWar.Source:HultonArchive/Stringervia
GettyImages. 59
3.3 LarreyamputatesthearmofCaptainRebsamenattheBattleofHanau
in1813.Source:©MuséeduServicedesantédesarmées,Val-de-Grâce,Paris. 66
3.4 TyphusvictimsatMainz,1813.Source:WellcomeCollection,Wellcome
Libraryno.5448i. 68
5.1 Boneyandhisarmyinwinterquarters(Ansell,1807).Source:
AnneS.K.BrownMilitaryCollection,NapoleonicSatires,Brown
UniversityLibrary. 94
6.1 Burninggoods,1810.Source:HamburgStaatsarchiv. 123
6.2 Leipzigtollinspectors,1806.ChristianG.H.Geißler,Leipzige
Kriegs-Sceneno.3.DiefranzösischenSoldatenuntersuchenamThor,
obkeineEnglischeWaarenhinausgebrachtwerden,Leipzig1824.
Source:MuseumofCityHistory,LeipzigGeiIII/14a. 137
14.1 JohannBaptistSeele,ThePassageoftheDevil’sBridgeatSaintGotthard,1799,
Staatsgalerie,Stuttgart.Source:Josse/Leemage/CorbisHistoricalviaGetty
Images. 289
14.2 BertrandAndrieuandAndréGalle,Batailled’Iéna,1806,medal,4.1cm
diameter.Source:MuséeCarnavalet,Paris. 291
14.3 Denis-Auguste-MarieRaffet,LaRevueNocturne,1836,lithograph,20x27.2cm.
Source:SepiaTimes/UniversalImagesGroupviaGettyImages. 297
14.4 Unknown(likelyErwinHanfstaengl),Fabry,MaréchaldeLogis,Sergeant1st
Hussars,1811–14(actuallyadjutant,sous-officierorwarrantofficer),
late1850s–early1860s,sepiaphotographmountedoncard,25x31.5cm.
Source:AnneS.K.BrownMilitaryCollection,BrownUniversityLibrary. 300
15.1 Antoine-JeanGros,TheBattleofNazareth,1801.Oiloncanvas,135x195cm.
Nantes,MuséedesBeaux-Arts.Source:BridgemanImages. 305
ix
ListofFigures
15.2 Antoine-JeanGros,BonaparteVisitingthePlague-strickeninJaffa,1804.
Oiloncanvas,532x720cm.Paris,MuséeduLouvre.Source:Josse/
Leemage/CorbisHistoricalviaGettyImages. 306
15.3 Antoine-JeanGros,NapoleonVisitingtheBattlefieldofEylautheMorningafter
theBattle,1808.Oiloncanvas,521x784cm.Paris,MuséeduLouvre.
Source:DEA/G.DagliOrti/DeAgostiniviaGettyImages. 308
15.4 FrançoisLejeune,TheBattleofMarengo,1802.Oiloncanvas,180x250cm.
Versailles,MuséeNationalduChâteau.Source:HeritageImages/Hulton
FineArtCollectionviaGettyImages. 309
15.5 JohnFlaxman,MonumenttoLordNelson,1808–18.Marble.London,
StPaul’sCathedral.ReproducedcourtesyofConwayLibrary,Courtauld
InstituteofArt,London.Source:HultonArchive/StringerviaGettyImages. 314
15.6 CasparDavidFriedrich,ChasseurintheForest,1814.Oiloncanvas,66x47cm.
Source:Privatecollection. 316
15.7 WilhelmvonKobell,TheBattleofWagram,1814.Oiloncanvas,204x323cm.
Munich,ResidenzMuseum.Source:ResidenzMuseum. 319
15.8 FranciscodeGoyayLucientes,TheSecondofMay,1808,1814.Oilon
canvas,268x347cm.Madrid,MuseoNacionaldelPrado.Source:Universal
HistoryArchive/UniversalImagesGroupviaGettyImages. 321
15.9 FranciscodeGoyayLucientes,TheThirdofMay,1808,1814.Oiloncanvas,
268x347cm.Madrid,MuseoNacionaldelPrado.Source:UniversalHistory
Archive/UniversalImagesGroupviaGettyImages. 322
15.10 FranciscodeGoyayLucientes,Plate39fromTheDisastersofWar:Great
Deeds!WithDeadMen!c.1810(published1863).Plate:15.5×20.5cm;sheet:
25.1×34.3cm.NewYork,MetropolitanMuseumofArt.Purchase,Rogers
FundandJacobH.SchiffBequest,1922.Source:HeritageImages/Hulton
ArchiveviaGettyImages. 324
17.1 AttributedtoLouis-LéopoldBoilly,‘Musiquedechambre’.Source:
©RMN-GrandPalais/René-GabrielOjéda,Bayonne. 354
17.2 BernardViguérie,‘BatailledeMaringo’[sic],1800.Source:Author’scollection. 356
17.3 Jacques-MarieBeauvarlet-Charpentier,‘Batailled’Austerlitz’,1806.Source:
Author’scollection. 360
17.4 BernardViguérie,‘BatailledeMaringo’[sic],1800.Source:Author’scollection. 361
17.5 DanielSteibelt,‘Lajournéed’Ulm’,1805.Source:Author’scollection. 362
17.6 Viguérie,‘Maringo’,detail.Source:Author’scollection. 364
17.7 Viguérie,‘Maringo’,detail.Source:Author’scollection. 364
17.8 Viguérie,‘Maringo’,detail.Source:Author’scollection. 365
17.9 Beauvarlet-Charpentier,‘Batailled’Austerlitz’,detail.Source:Author’s
collection. 367
17.10 TheRussianeditionofSteibelt’s‘TheConflagrationofMoscow’.Source:
Author’scollection. 371
18.1 Anonymous,Mackàbout,BodleianLibraryCurzonb.02(076).
Source:CreativeCommons. 377
x