The Cambridge History of the American Civil War: Volume 3, Affairs of the People

540 Pages·2019·8.615 MB·English

by  Aaron Sheehan-Dean

the cambridge history of
THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
Thisvolumeanalyzestheculturalandintellectualimpactofthe
war, considering how the war reshaped Americans’ spiritual,
cultural, and intellectual habits. The Civil War engendered an
existential crisis more profound even than the changes of the
previous decades. Its duration, scale, and intensity drove
Americans to question how they understood themselves as
people.Thechaptersinthethirdvolumedistinguishthevaried
impacts of the conflict in different places on people's sense of
themselves. Focusing on particular groups within the war,
includingsoldiers,families,refugees,enslavedpeople,andblack
soldiers, the chapters cover a broad range of ways that
participants made sense of the conflict as well as how the war
changedtheirattitudesaboutgender,religion,ethnicity,andrace.
Thevolumeconcludeswithaseriesofessaysevaluatingtheways
AmericanshavememorializedandrememberedtheCivilWarin
art,literature,film,andpubliclife.
AARON SHEEHAN DEAN istheFredC.FreyProfessorofSouthern
StudiesatLouisianaStateUniversityandthechairmanoftheHistory
Department.HeteachescoursesonnineteenthcenturyUShistory,
theCivilWarandReconstruction,andSouthernhistory.Heisthe
authorofTheCalculusofViolence:HowAmericansFoughttheCivilWar,
Why Confederates Fought: Family and Nation in Civil War Virginia,
Concise Historical Atlas of the U.S. Civil War, and is the editor of
severalbooks.
the cambridge history of
THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
TheCambridgeHistoryoftheAmericanCivilWarprovidesthemost
comprehensiveanalysistodateoftheAmericanCivilWar.With
contributions from over seventyfive leading historians of the
CivilWar,thethreevolumereferenceworkinvestigatesthefull
range of human experiences and outcomes in this most
transformative moment in American and global history.
Volume I is organized around military affairs, assessing major
battlesandcampaignsoftheconflict.VolumeIIexplorespolitical
and social affairs, conveying the experiences of millions of
Americanswholivedoutsidethemajorcampaignzonesinboth
the North and South. Volume III examines cultural and
intellectual affairs, considering how the war’s duration, scale,
and intensity drove Americans to question how they
understood themselves as people. The volumes conclude with
anassessmentofthelegaciesoftheCivilWar,demonstratingthat
the war’s impact on American life shaped the country in the
decadeslongaftertheendofthewar.
VOLUMEI
MilitaryAffairs
editedbyaaronsheehan dean
VOLUMEII
AffairsoftheState
editedbyaaronsheehan dean
VOLUMEIII
AffairsofthePeople
editedbyaaronsheehan dean
THE CAMBRIDGE
HISTORY OF
THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
*
VOLUME III
Affairs of the People
*
Editedby
AARON SHEEHAN DEAN
LouisianaStateUniversity
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www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107154544
DOI:10.1017/9781316650721
©CambridgeUniversityPress2019
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Firstpublished2019
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VolumeI ISBN 9781107148895Hardback
VolumeII ISBN 9781107154537Hardback
VolumeIII ISBN 9781107154544Hardback
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Contents
ListofPlates pageviii
ListofFigures ix
ListofContributorstoVolumeIII x
NoteontheText xiv
part i
VALUES
1.WartimeMasculinities 3
james j. broomall (shepherd university)
2.NorthernWomenandtheCivilWar 25
nina silber (boston university)
3.SouthernWomenandtheCivilWar 46
sarah e. gardner (mercer university)
4.ReligionintheCivilWarEra 70
timothy l. wesley (austin peay state university)
5.EconomicandSocialValuesintheCivilWar 91
brian p. luskey (west virginia university)
part ii
SOCIAL EXPERIENCE
6.FamiliesintheCivilWar 111
james marten (marquette university)
v
Contents
7.RefugeesandMovementintheCivilWar 131
david silkenat (university of edinburgh)
8.CitizenSoldiers 151
susannah j. ural (university of southern mississippi)
9.ImmigrantAmericaandtheCivilWar 173
david t. gleeson (northumbria university)
10.EmancipationandWar 194
yael a. sternhell (tel aviv university)
11.TheBlackMilitaryExperience 220
joseph p. reidy (howard university)
12.MotivesandMorale 242
paul a. cimbala (fordham university)
13.UrbanandRuralAmericaintheCivilWar 264
frank towers (university of calgary)
part iii
OUTCOMES
14.MakingPeace 287
elizabeth r. varon (university of virginia)
15.ReconstructionduringtheCivilWar 308
mark wahlgren summers (university of kentucky)
16.VeteransandthePostwarWorld 330
barbara a. gannon (university of central florida)
17.TheCivilWarandtheAmericanState 350
gregory p. downs (university of california davis)
18.TheCivilWarandAmericanLaw 372
christian g. samito (independent scholar)
19.TheCivilWarinVisualArt 397
david c. ward (smithsonian institution)
vi
Contents
20.TheCivilWarinAmericanThought 422
peter s. carmichael (gettysburg college)
21.TheCivilWarinLiteraryMemory 439
john casey (university of illinois chicago)
22.TheCivilWarinFilm 460
craig a. warren (penn state behrend)
23.TheCivilWarinPublicMemory 481
caroline e. janney (university of virginia)
Index 506
Theplatesectioncanbefoundbetweenpp.402and403.
vii
Plates
1. MartinJohnsonHeade,ApproachingThunderstorm,1859.Oiloncanvas.
TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt.
2. JohnFrederickKensett,ViewfromCozzensHotelnearWestPoint,1863.Oiloncanvas.
NewYorkHistoricalSociety.DigitalimagecreatedbyOppenheimerEditions.
3. FrederickChurch,OurBannerintheSky,1861.Lithographwithoilonpaper.Olana
StateHistoricSite,Hudson,NY.
4. WinslowHomer,SkirmishintheWilderness,1864.Oiloncanvas.NewBritainMuseum
ofAmericanArt.
5. WinslowHomer,PrisonersfromtheFront,1866.Oiloncanvas.TheMetropolitan
MuseumofArt.
6. WinslowHomer,TheVeteraninaNewField,1865.Oiloncanvas.TheMetropolitan
MuseumofArt.
7. EastmanJohnson,TheGirlILeftBehindMe,ca.1872.Oiloncanvas.Smithsonian
AmericanArtMuseum.
8. EastmanJohnson,TheRideforLiberty.TheRunawaySlaves,1862.Oiloncanvas.
TheBrooklynMuseum.
viii
Figures
19.1. AlexanderGardner,AbrahamLincoln.The“CrackedPlate,”1865.
Albumenprint.NationalPortraitGallery,SmithsonianInstitution. page402
19.2. AlexanderGardner,BloodyLane,Antietam,1862.Albumenprint.
ChryslerMuseumofArt,Norfolk,Virginia. 411
19.3. AlexanderGardner,HomeofaRebelSharpshooter,1863.Chrysler
MuseumofArt,Norfolk,Virginia. 413
19.4. KaraWalker,AlabamaLoyalistsGreetingtheFederalGunBoats,
fromtheportfolioHarper’sPictorialHistoryoftheCivilWar(Annotated),2005.
Offsetlithographandscreenprintonpaper.SmithsonianAmericanArt
Museum. 420
ix
Contributors to Volume III
JAMES J. BROOMALL is Assistant Professor of History at Shepherd University and the
Director of the George Tyler Moore Center for the Study of the Civil War, which
integrates academic scholarship, undergraduate education, and public engagement. He
istheauthorofPrivateConfederacies:TheEmotionalWorldsofSouthernMenasCitizensand
Soldiers(2019).He hasalso publishedarticlesin CivilWar Times,Civil War History, and
Journal of the Civil War Era, and coedited with William A. Link, Rethinking American
Emancipation:LegaciesofSlaveryandtheQuestforBlackFreedom(Cambridge,2016).
PETER S. CARMICHAELisFluhrer Professorof History atGettysburg Collegeand the
DirectoroftheCivilWarInstitute.Heistheauthorofseveralbooksandarticlesincluding
TheWarfortheCommonSoldier:HowMenThought,Fought,andSurvivedinCivilWarArmies
(2018)andTheLastGeneration:YoungVirginiansinPeace,War,andReunion(2005).
JOHN CASEY is Lecturer in English at the University of Illinois at Chicago where he
teachescoursesinwritingandliterature.HeistheauthorofNewMen:Reconstructingthe
ImageoftheVeteraninLateNineteenthCenturyAmericanLiteratureandCulture(2015).
PAULA.CIMBALAisProfessorofHistoryatFordhamUniversity,TheBronx,NY,where
heteachescourseontheCivilWarera,theAmericanSouth,andAmericansocietyand
war.HeistheauthorofUndertheGuardianshipoftheNation:TheFreedmen’sBureauandthe
ReconstructionofGeorgia,1865 1870(1997),SoldiersNorthandSouth:TheEverydayExperiences
of the Men who Fought American’s Civil War (2010), and Veterans North and South:
The Transition from Soldier to Civilian after the American Civil War (2015) as well as
coauthorofTheNorthernHomeFrontduringtheCivilWar(2017).
GREGORY P. DOWNSisProfessorofHistoryatUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Heisthe
authorofAfterAppomattox:MilitaryOccupationandtheEndsofWar(2015),Declarationsof
Dependence: The Long Reconstruction of Popular Politics in the South, 1861 1908 (2011), and
“The Second American Revolution” (forthcoming). With Kate Masur, he coedited
The World the Civil War Made (University of North Carolina Press: 2015), cowrote the
National Park Service’s National Historic Landmark Theme Study on Reconstruction,
coedited the National Park Service handbook on Reconstruction, and organized
historians to lobby for the creation of the first National Park Service site devoted to
Reconstruction,nowopenatBeaufort,SouthCarolina.
x