The Cambridge History of Socialism, Volume I

688 Pages·2022·8.835 MB·English

by  Marcel van der Linden

thecambridgehistoryof
SOCIALISM
Thisvolumedescribesthevariousmovementsandthinkerswho
wantedsocialchangewithoutstateintervention.Itcoverscasesin
Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The first part discusses
earlyegalitarianexperimentsandideologiesinAsia,Europe,and
theIslamicworld,andthenmovesontoearlysocialistthinkersin
Britain,France,andGermany.Thesecondpartdealswiththerise
of the two main currents in socialist movements after 1848:
anarchism in its multiple varieties and Marxism. It also pays
attention to organizational forms, including the International
WorkingMen’sAssociation(latercalledtheFirstInternational);
anditthenfollowsthefurtherdevelopmentofanarchismandits
‘proletarian’ sibling, revolutionary syndicalism – its rise and
decline from the 1870s until the 1940s on different continents.
The volume concludes with critical essays on anarchist
transnationalism and the recent revival of anarchism and
syndicalisminseveralpartsoftheworld.
MARCEL VAN DER LINDEN isSeniorFellowattheInternational
Institute of Social History and Emeritus Professor of Social
MovementHistoryattheUniversityofAmsterdam.Hewaselected
PresidentoftheInternationalSocialHistoryAssociationthreetimes,
and has (co-)authored and (co-)edited more than fifty books on
socialistandlabourhistory.
Published online by Cambridge University Press
the cambridge history of
SOCIALISM
Divided into two volumes, The Cambridge History of Socialism
offers an up-to-date critical survey of the socialist movements
and political practices that have arisen thus far throughout the
world.Amuch-neededcorrectiveofthecurrentstateofthestudy
ofsocialismfromahistoricalperspective,thevolumesuseawider
geographicalandtemporalfocustotrackthechangesandtrends
inglobalsocialismsandtomovebeyondtheEuropeantrajectory.
Together they cover anarchism, syndicalism, social democracy,
labour,theNewLeft,andalternativesocialistmovementsinthe
Global South in one encompassing reconstruction. Featuring
fifty-five essays by experts across the field, the volumes will
serve as examples of the rich variety of socialist histories and,
together, endeavour to reveal the major contours of its
development.
VOLUMEI
editedbymarcelvanderlinden
VOLUMEII
editedbymarcelvanderlinden
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THE CAMBRIDGE
HISTORY OF
SOCIALISM
*
VOLUME I
*
Editedby
MARCEL VAN DER LINDEN
InternationalInstituteofSocialHistory
Published online by Cambridge University Press
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www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108481342
DOI:10.1017/9781108611022
©CambridgeUniversityPress2023
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noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
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Firstpublished2023
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AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Two-VolumeSetISBN 978-1-108-61133-6Hardback
VolumeIISBN 978-1-108-48134-2Hardback
VolumeIIISBN 978-1-108-48135-9Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof
URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication
anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,
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Published online by Cambridge University Press
Contents
ListofFigures pageix
ListofMaps xi
ListofTables xii
ListofContributorstoVolumeI xiii
ListofAbbreviations xviii
IntroductiontoVolumeI 1
marcel van der linden
part i
BEGINNINGS
EGALITARIANISM
1.MazdakandLateAntique‘Socialism’ 39
touraj daryaee
2.EgalitarianisminIslamicThoughtandPraxis 56
asma afsaruddin
3.EgalitarianisminEurope:Hussites,Anabaptists,Racovians,
Hutterites,andDiggers 79
thomas a. fudge
4.TheTaipingLandProgramme:CreatingaMoral
Environment 101
rudolf g. wagner
v
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Contents
EARLYSOCIALISMS
5.Saint-SimonandSaint-Simonism 126
jeremy jennings
6.RobertOwenandOwenism 146
gregory claeys
7.CharlesFourierandFourierism 167
jonathan beecher
8.EtienneCabetandtheIcarianMovementinFrance
andtheUnitedStates 188
christopher h. johnson
9.WilhelmWeitlingandEarlyGermanSocialism 214
bertel nygaard
THEARRIVALOFTHEHOSTILESIBLINGS:MARXISM
ANDANARCHISM
10.TheInternationalWorkingMen’sAssociation
(1864–1876/7) 232
fabrice bensimon
11.KarlMarx,FriedrichEngels,andEarlyWorkers’Movements 261
tlucia pradella
12.Pierre-JosephProudhon’sMutualistSocialScience 286
alex prichard
13.MikhailBakuninandSocialAnarchism 308
wolfgang eckhardt
14.PeterKropotkinandCommunistAnarchism 331
ruth kinna
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Contents
part ii
NEGATING STATE POWER
THENORTHATLANTICREGION
15.AnarchismandSyndicalisminFrance 357
alexander varias
16.SpaininRevolt:TheRevolutionaryLegacyofAnarchism
andAnarcho-Syndicalism 380
george esenwein
17.AnarchismandSyndicalisminItaly 411
carl levy
18.AnarchismandSyndicalismintheUnitedKingdom 444
david goodway
19.AnarchismandSyndicalismintheUnitedStates 466
kenyon zimmer
AFRICA,ASIA,LATINAMERICA
20.MexicanSocialism 489
john mason hart
21.AnarchismandSyndicalisminArgentina 510
geoffroy de laforcade
22.AnarchismandSyndicalisminBrazil 534
claudio batalha
23.AnarchismandSyndicalisminSouthernAfrica 553
lucien van der walt
24.AnarchismandSyndicalisminChina 577
gotelind mu¨ller
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Contents
WORLDWIDECONNECTIONS
25.AnarchistTransnationalism 599
constance bantman
26.TheGlobalRevivalofAnarchismandSyndicalism 621
felipe correˆa
Index 648
viii
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Figures
1.1 SilvercoinofKawa¯dI,whoruledduringthetimeofMazdak. page45
2.1 MuslimpilgrimsfromallovertheworldcircumambulatetheKaaba,
Islam’sholiestshrine,together,regardlessofrace,gender,ethnicity,orclass. 73
3.1 HutteriteBruderhof,woodcut,1589. 91
4.1 HongXiuquan(1814–64),leaderoftheTaipingrebellion. 115
5.1 ‘OccupationsofSaint-SimonianWomen’.IllustrationfromLes
Saint-Simoniens,byHenry-RenéD’Allemagne,1830. 136
6.1 RobertOwen,dateunknown. 148
6.2 Owen’sNewLanarkMills,Scotland. 155
7.1 CharlesFourier. 183
8.1 EtienneCabet. 195
9.1 WilhelmWeitling,1845. 223
10.1 HermannJung’sIWMAmembershipcard,1869. 249
11.1 KarlMarx,withhisdaughtersJenny,Eleanor,andLaura,andFriedrich
Engels,1860. 271
12.1 Pierre-JosephProudhon,1850. 300
13.1 MikhailBakunin,1863. 315
14.1 PeterKropotkin,1920–1. 332
15.1 Button-makersonstrikewithaCGTflag,Meru(Oise),MayDay1909. 373
16.1 WomensnipersfightingonthegovernmentsideduringtheSpanishCivil
War,1936. 396
17.1 ErricoMalatesta(1853–1932),anarchistactivistandthinker. 415
18.1 WilliamMorris. 448
19.1 AlexanderBerkmanspeakingtoanIWWrally,NewYork,1914. 483
20.1 WallmuralhonouringthesocialistgeneralEmilianoZapata,MexicoCity,
2008. 501
21.1 VirginiaBolten,prominentlabourorganizerinArgentinaandUruguay,
associatedwiththeanarcha-feministperiodicalsLaVozdelaMujer(1896–7)
andLaNuevaSenda(1909). 518
22.1 FuneralprocessionforshoemakerJoséMartinez,SãoPaulo,July1917. 543
23.1 MassrallyinJohannesburg,addressedbyspeakersfromtheIndustrial
WorkersofAfrica,theInternationalSocialistLeague,andtheTransvaal
NativeCongress,June1918. 561
24.1 [Liu]Shifu(1884–1915). 584
ix
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ListofFigures
25.1 Circulationsofanarchistsandprintmaterial,andtheinternationalsurveillance
imposedonthem:thepoliceidentificationportraitofEmilePouget,
aFrenchexileinLondonin1894–5andtheeditorofthehighlyinfluential
PèrePeinard. 610
26.1 ProtestersattendingademonstrationcalledbytheCatalanCGT
(workers’union)atPasseigdeGraciaduringageneralstrikeinCatalonia,
Barcelona,3October2017. 628
26.2 XIIILatinAmericanGatheringofAutonomousPeople’sOrganizations
(ELAOPA),inthecityofViamão,Brazil,March2019. 638
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