The Cambridge History of Russia. Imperial Russia 1689-1917

806 Pages·2006·7.79 MB·english

by  Dominic Lieven

the cambridge history of
RUSSIA
ThesecondvolumeofTheCambridgeHistoryofRussiacoversthe
imperial period (1689–1917). It encompasses political, economic,
social,cultural,diplomaticandmilitaryhistory.AllthemajorRus-
sian social groups have separate chapters and the volume also
includessurveysonthenon-Russianpeoplesandthegovernment’s
policiestowardsthem.Itaddressesthemessuchaswomen,law,
theOrthodoxChurch,thepoliceandtherevolutionarymovement.
Thevolume’ssevenchaptersondiplomaticandmilitaryhistory,
andonRussia’sevolutionasagreatpower,makeitthemostdetailed
studyoftheseissuesavailableinEnglish.Thecontributorscome
fromtheUSA,UK,RussiaandGermany:mostareinternationally
recognised as leading scholars in their fields, and some emerg-
ingyoungeracademicsengagedinacutting-edgeresearchhave
alsobeenincluded.Noothersinglevolumeinanylanguageoffers
so comprehensive, expert and up-to-date an analysis of Russian
historyinthisperiod.
dominic lievenisProfessorofRussianGovernmentattheLon-
donSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience.Hisbooksinclude
Russia’sRulersundertheOldRegime(1989)andEmpire:TheRussian
EmpireanditsRivals(2000).
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
the cambridge history of
RUSSIA
ThisisadefinitivenewhistoryofRussiafromearlyRus’tothe
successorstatesthatemergedafterthecollapseoftheSovietUnion.
VolumeIencompassesdevelopmentsbeforethereignofPeterI;
volumeIIcoversthe‘imperialera’,fromPeter’stimetothefallof
themonarchyinMarch1917;andvolumeIIIcontinuesthestory
throughtotheendofthetwentiethcentury.Atthecoreofallthree
volumesaretheRussians,thelandswhichtheyhaveinhabitedand
the polities that ruled them while other peoples and territories
havealsobeengivegenerouscoveragefortheperiodswhenthey
cameunderRiurikid,RomanovandSovietrule.Thedistinctvoices
ofindividualcontributorsprovideamultitudeofperspectiveson
Russia’sdiverseandcontroversialmillennialhistory.
Volumesintheseries
VolumeI
FromEarlyRus’to1689
EditedbyMaureenPerrie
VolumeII
ImperialRussia,1689–1917
EditedbyDominicLieven
VolumeIII
TheTwentiethCentury
EditedbyRonaldGrigorSuny
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
THE CAMBRIDGE
HISTORY OF
RUSSIA
*
VOLUME II
1689 1917
Imperial Russia, –
*
Editedby
DOMINIC LIEVEN
LondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
cambridge university press
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CambridgeUniversityPress
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PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521815291
(cid:2)C CambridgeUniversityPress2006
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout
thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2006
PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge
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isbn-13978-0-521-81529-1hardback
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orthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatany
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Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Contents
Listofplates ix
Listofmaps xi
Notesoncontributors xii
Acknowledgements xvi
Noteonthetext xvii
Listofabbreviationsinnotesandbibliography xviii
Chronology xx
Introduction 1
dominic lieven
part i
EMPIRE
1 · Russiaasempireandperiphery 9
dominic lieven
2 · Managingempire:tsaristnationalitiespolicy 27
theodore r. weeks
3 · Geographiesofimperialidentity 45
mark bassin
part ii
CULTURE, IDEAS, IDENTITTIES
4 · Russiancultureintheeighteenthcentury 67
lindsey hughes
v
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Contents
5 · Russianculture:1801–1917 92
rosamund bartlett
6 · Russianpoliticalthought:1700–1917 116
gary m. hamburg
7 · Russiaandthelegacyof1812 145
alexander m. martin
part iii
NON-RUSSIAN NATIONALITIES
8· UkrainiansandPoles 165
timothy snyder
9· Jews 184
benjamin nathans
10· IslamintheRussianEmpire 202
vladimir bobrovnikov
part iv
RUSSIAN SOCIETY, LAW AND ECONOMY
11· Theelites 227
dominic lieven
12· Thegroupsbetween:raznochintsy,intelligentsia,professionals 245
elise kimerling wirtschafter
13· NizhniiNovgorodinthenineteenthcentury:portraitofacity 264
catherine evtuhov
14· RussianOrthodoxy:Church,peopleandpoliticsinImperialRussia 284
gregory l. freeze
15· Women,thefamilyandpubliclife 306
barbara alpern engel
vi
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Contents
16· GenderandthelegalorderinImperialRussia 326
michelle lamarche marrese
17· Law,thejudicialsystemandthelegalprofession 344
jorg baberowski
18· Peasantsandagriculture 369
david moon
19· TheRussianeconomyandbankingsystem 394
boris ananich
part v
GOVERNMENT
20· Centralgovernment 429
zhand p. shakibi
21· Provincialandlocalgovernment 449
janet m. hartley
22· Statefinances 468
peter waldron
part vi
FOREIGN POLICY AND THE ARMED FORCES
23· PetertheGreatandtheNorthernWar 489
paul bushkovitch
24· Russianforeignpolicy,1725–1815 504
hugh ragsdale
25· Theimperialarmy 530
william c. fuller, jr
26· Russianforeignpolicy,1815–1917 554
david schimmelpenninck van der oye
vii
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Contents
27· Thenavyin1900:imperialism,technologyandclasswar 575
nikolai afonin
part vii
REFORM, WAR AND REVOLUTION
28· ThereignofAlexanderII:awatershed? 593
larisa zakharova
29· Russianworkersandrevolution 617
reginald e. zelnik
30· Policeandrevolutionaries 637
jonathan w. daly
31· Warandrevolution,1914–1917 655
eric lohr
Bibliography 670
Index 711
viii
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Plates
The plates can be found after the Index
1 Imperialmythology:PetertheGreatexaminesyoungRussiansreturningfrom
studyabroad.FromRusskiivoennyiflot,StPetersburg,1908.
2 Imperialgrandeur:theGreatPalace(CatherinePalace)atTsarskoeSelo.Author’s
collection.
3 AlexanderI:thevictoroverNapoleon.FromRusskiivoennyiflot,StPetersburg,
1908.
4 AlexanderIIaddressestheMoscownobilityontheemancipationoftheserfs.
ReproducedcourtesyofJohnMasseyStewartPictureLibrary.
5 MikhailLomonosov:thegrandfatherofmodernRussianculture.Reproduced
courtesyofJohnMasseyStewartPictureLibrary.
6 GavrilDerzhavin;poetandminister.ReproducedcourtesyofJohnMassey
StewartPictureLibrary.
7 SergeiRachmaninov:Russianmusicconquerstheworld.Reproducedcourtesyof
JohnMasseyStewartPictureLibrary.
8 TheConservatoireinStPetersburg.Author’scollection.
9 CountMuravev(Amurskii):imperialpro-consul.ByA.V.Makovskii(1869–1922).
ReproducedcourtesyofJohnMasseyStewartPictureLibraryandIrkutskFine
ArtsMuseum.
10 Imperialstatuary:themonumenttoKhmel’nitskiiinKiev.Reproducedcourtesy
ofJohnMasseyStewartPictureLibrary.
11 Tiflis:RussiainAsia?ReproducedcourtesyofJohnMasseyStewartPicture
Library.
12 NizhniiNovgorod:akeycentreofRussiancommerce.Reproducedcourtesyof
JohnMasseyStewartPictureLibrary.
13 Rurallife:anaristocraticcountrymansion.Author’scollection.
14 Rurallife:acentralRussianvillagescene.Author’scollection.
15 Rurallife:thenorthernforestzone.Author’scollection.
16 Rurallife:theSteppe.Author’scollection.
17 Navalratings:thenarodinuniform.FromRusskiivoennyiflot,StPetersburg,1908.
18 Sinewsofpower?NavalofficersintheStPetersburgshipyards.Russkiivoennyiflot,
StPetersburg,1908.
19 ThebattleshipPotemkinfittingout.Russkiivoennyiflot,StPetersburg,1908.
ix
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008