The Cambridge History Of Political Thought, 1450-1700 PDF
Preview The Cambridge History Of Political Thought, 1450-1700
THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT 1450-1700 Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 THE C A M B R I D GE H I S T O RY OF P O L I T I C AL T H O U G HT 1450-1700 EDITED BY J.H. B U R NS Professor Emeritus of the History of Political Thought, University of London WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF M A RK GOLDIE Lecturer in History and Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building,Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU,UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207,Australia Ruiz de Alarcon 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House,The Waterfront,Cape Town 800i,South Africa http://www.cambridge.org © Cambridge University Press 1991 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1991 Third printing 2006 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge British Library Cataloguing in Publication data Burns, J. H. (James Henderson), 1921 — The Cambridge history of political thought, 1450-1700. i . Europe. Politics. Theories, history i.Title 11. Goldie,Mark 320'.094 Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data The Cambridge history of political thought, i450-i700 / edited by J. H. Burns with the assistance of Mark Goldie. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-52i-247i6-0 1. Political science — History. 1. Burns,J. H. (James Henderson) 11. Goldie, Mark. JA81.C283 1990 320r.09-dc20 89-22282 CIP ISBN 0 52i 247i6 0 hardback ISBN 0 52i 47772 7 paperback Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Contents Contributors page x Acknowledgements xii Introduction i J.H. BURNS I Renaissance and Counter-Renaissance 1 Humanism and political theory 9 ANTHONY GRAFTON i Scholarship and power: a problematic partnership 9 ii Dictatores and philologists 10 iii Humanism in the service of the city-state 12 iv 'Civic humanism' and its rivals 15 v The topics of humanist political discourse 20 2 Italian political thought, 1450—1530 30 NICOLAI RUBINSTEIN i Monarchies and republics, 1450—1500 30 ii A new epoch: Machiavelli 41 iii Florence and Venice: Guicciardini 58 3 Law 66 DONALD R. KELLEY i The old legal heritage 66 ii Civil science in the Renaissance 70 iii Humanism and jurisprudence 75 iv The French school 78 v Rivals to Romanism 81 vi Custom and the law of nations 84 vii Rational jurisprudence 86 viii The new legal heritage 90 v Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Contents 4 Transalpine humanism 95 BRENDAN BRADSHAW i Renaissance eloquence: rhetoric and philosophy 95 ii The renaissance of politics 98 iii Humanitas and the imago Dei 101 iv Political Wisdom 106 v Humanitas and the Christian commonwealth 114 5 Scholasticism: survival and revival 132 J.H. BURNS i Schoolmen and schools of thought 135 ii Lordship, rights, and society 140 iii Conciliarists and papalists 146 II Religion, civil government, and the debate on constitutions 6 Christian obedience and authority, 1520-1550 159 FRANCIS OAKLEY i Theological and canonistic fundamentals 160 ii Luther and early German Lutheranism 16 iii The Lutheran diaspora and the emergence of the royal supremacy 175 iv Zwingli, Bucer, the young Calvin, and the Reformed tradition 182 v The radicals of the Reformation 187 7 Calvinism and resistance theory, 1550—1580 193 ROBERT M. KINGDON i Knox and the anti-Marian resistance 194 ii The development of Lutheran resistance theory 200 iii The Calvinist inheritance from the Schmalkaldic war: Peter Martyr Vermigli 203 iv The Huguenots and the French wars of religion 206 v The deposition of Mary Stuart 214 8 Catholic resistance theory, Ultramontanism, and the royalist re sponse, 1580-1620 219 J.H.M. SALMON i Patterns of controversy 219 ii The Catholic League 221 iii Gallicanism 231 iv Politique royalism 233 v Jesuits and Ultramontanes 236 vi English Catholicism 241 vii The defence of Anglicanism 244 vi Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Contents viii James I, the oath of allegiance, the Venetian interdict, and the reappearance of French Ultramontanism 247 Constitutionalism 254 HOWELL A. LLOYD i The idea of constitutionalism 254 ii The origins and end of political society 258 iii Custom and the rule of law 264 iv Mixed constitution or mixed government 273 v England: Hooker 279 vi France: Coquille 283 vii The Netherlands: Althusius 287 viii Spain: Suârez 292 Sovereignty and the mixed constitution: Bodin and his critics 298 JULIAN H. FRANKLIN i Bodin's doctrine and its limitations 299 ii The question of sovereignty in the constitution of the Ger man Empire 309 iii Besold and the mixed constitution 323 Utopianism 329 J.C. DAVIS i Christian social morality and the best state 329 ii Holy experiments in a fallen world 335 III Absolutism and revolution in the seventeenth century 12 Absolutism and royalism 347 J.P. SOMMERVILLE i The meaning of absolutism 347 ii Sovereignty and monarchy 350 iii Patriarchalism 358 iv Contract, conquest, and usurpation 361 v The limits of absolutism 367 13 England: ancient constitution and common law 374 CORINNE C. WESTON i The common law mind and the ancient constitution 375 ii 'Coordination' and the royalist response 396 iii History and sovereignty in the Exclusion Crisis 404 14 Leveller democracy and the Puritan Revolution 412 DAVID WOOTTON i The Leveller movement 412 ii Puritans and revolutionaries 416 vii Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Contents iii The Levellers and the constitution 426 iv Free grace and toleration 434 15 English republicanism 443 BLAIR WORDEN i Sources and resources 443 ii Writers and writings 449 iii The Machiavellian tradition 464 IV The end of Aristotelianism 16 Tacitism, scepticism, and reason of state 479 PETER BURKE i Reason of state 479 ii Tacitism 48 iii Stoics and sceptics 491 17 Grotius and Selden 499 RICHARD TUCK i The context of Grotius' career 499 ii Dutch republicanism and the transition to natural law 503 iii The Arminians and the problem of religious toleration 509 iv Grotius' Of the Law of War and Peace 514 v Selden 522 18 Hobbes and Spinoza 530 NOEL MALCOLM i Hobbes 530 ii Spinoza 545 V Natural law and utility 19 Pufendorf 561 ALFRED DUFOUR i The philosophical bases of Pufendorf's thought 563 ii The background of law: anti-realism and voluntarism 567 iii The foundations of the. state 570 iv The doctrine of sovereignty 574 v The state in history 579 20 The reception of Hobbes 589 MARK GOLDIE i The polemic against Hobbes: the theological premises 589 ii Sovereignty and constitutionalism 594 iii Contract and the limits of obligation 602 iv Ethical relativism and sceptical politics 606 v Erastianism, toleration, and the power of the church 610s vin Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Contents 21 Locke 616 JAMES TULLY i Government 616 ii Political power 619 iii The origin of political power 622 iv Public good and natural law 625 v Mutual subjection 629 vi Revolution 63 5 vii Toleration 642 Conclusion 653 J.H. BURNS Biographies 657 Bibliography 703 General works 704 I Renaissance and Counter-Renaissance 706 II Religion, civil government, and the debate on constitutions 724 III Absolutism and revolution in the seventeenth century 744 IV The end of Aristotelianism 758 V Natural law and utility 765 Index of subjects 789 IX Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Contributors BRENDAN BRADSHAW Lecturer in History and Fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge PETER BURKE Reader in Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge J.H.BURNS Professor Emeritus of the History of Political Thought, University of London J.C. DAVIS Professor of English History, School of English and American Studies, Univerity of East Anglia ALFRED DUFOUR Professor of Legal History, Department of Legal History, Faculty of Law, University of Geneva JULIAN H. FRANKLIN Professor of Political Science, Columbia University, New York MARK GOLDIE Lecturer in History and Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge ANTHONY GRAFTON Professor of History, Princeton University DONALD R. KELLEY Professor of History, University of Rochester ROBERT M. KINGDON Professor of History, University of Wisconsin, Madison HOWELL A. LLOYD Professor of History, University of Hull x Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
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