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The Cambridge History of Poland, Vol. 2: From Augustus II to Pilsudski PDF

651 Pages·1978·18.947 MB·English
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THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF POLAND 1696 T O THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF POLAND FROM AUGUSTUS II TO PIŁSUDSKI (1697- 1935) EDITED BY W. F. REDDAWAY J. H. PENSON O. HALECKI R. DYBOSKI O C T A G O N B O O K S A division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux New York 1978 First published 1941 Reprinted 1971 by permission of Cambridge University Press Second Octagon printing 1978 OCTAGON BOOKS A division of Farrar, Straus & Giroux, Inc. 19 Union Square West New York, N.Y. 10003 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 73-119437 ISBN: 0-374-91250-5 Manufactured by Braun-Brumfield, Inc. Ann Arbor, Michigan Printed in the United States of America <ÏQ THE MEMORY OF HAROLD TEMPERLEY PREFACE THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF POLAND, to be completed in two volumes, owes its origin to the initiative of Professor Harold Temperley and to friendly meetings inspired by him of Polish and British historians at Warsaw and in Cambridge. To his sponsorship was also due the 'generous help and encourage­ ment received from the Polish government and, in particular, from their Ambassador, Count Edward Raczyński. The Editors deplore Professor Temperley’s untimely death and dedicate to his memory the work which he saw far advanced but not completed. Planned in the autumn of 1936, it was designed to trace from the earliest times the antecedents of a nation which had lately been restored to liberty and which was building up a stable and progressive State. In 1939, when the narrative approached completion, however, Poland was suddenly subjected to a new partition, far more malicious and violent than those redressed by the Allies twenty years before. Since the outbreak of war all literary communication with Poland has ceased. We know that all our Polish contributors have undergone great suffering. Many have been arrested or even flung into concen­ tration camps. On 23 November 1939, Professor Dembiński died under the menace of deportation, and on 28 December Professor Estreicher, after enduring it. In this country, Miss Monica Gardner perished through enemy action in April 1941. Of the Editors, Professor Dyboski was cut off by the occupation of Cracow, and Professor Halecki, for several months, by the downfall of France. As it happens, however, the later half of the projected history has suffered less than the earlier and, as a study of the decline, the servitude and the rebirth of Poland, it now receives separate publication. For the benefit of students unacquainted with the stages by which Poland reached her zenith in the sixteenth century and then declined, a brief Introductory Note has been inserted. Chapters hi and iv throw light on her position in 1697, when the formal narrative begins. It is carried to the death of Marshal Piłsudski in 1935, very suc­ cinctly for the latest decade except on topics such as literature and viii PREFACE art where the sources are already fully known. In the volume dealing with the period before 1697, a political bibliography and a geo­ graphical survey covering the whole history will be included. In the difficult question of nomenclature, the Editors’ practice has been to print in their familiar form names which are commonly Anglicised, and, so far as possible, to present others as the several contributors desire. Alternative forms are often added in brackets, and thanks to the invaluable work of Mr A. P. Goudy, most difficulties may be removed by consultation of the index. W. F. R. CONTENTS Introductory Note PAGExiii Chapter I. Early Saxon Period, 1697-1733 1 By Professor Wl. Konopczyński, Cracow Chapter II. Later Saxon Period, 1733-1763 25 By Professor Wł. Konopczyński Chapter III. The Constitution of Poland Before the Partitions 49 By Professor P. Skwarczyński, Lublin Chapter IV. Social Life Before the Partitions 72 By Professor W. J. Rose, London Chapter V. The First Partition 88 By W. F. Reddaway, M.A., Cambridge Chapter VI. The Age of Stanislas Augustus and the National Revival 112 By the late Professor B. Dembiński, Poznań Chapter VII. The Second Partition 137 By W. F. Reddaway Chapter VIII. Kościuszko and the Third Partition 154 By General M. Kukieł Chapter IX. (A) Polish Literature in the Eight­ eenth Century 177 By Professor W. Borowy, Warsaw (B) Eighteenth Century Polish Art 195 By Professor Wł. Tatarkiewicz, Warsaw Chapter X. (A) Napoleon and Poland 208 By Professor J. Holland Rose, Cambridge (B) Polish Military Effort in the Napoleonic Wars 220 By General M. Kukieł CONTENTS X Chapter XL The Duchy of W arsaw page 236 By Professor M. Handelsman, Warsaw Chapter XII. The Congress of Vienna 257 By Dr H. Montgomery Hyde Chapter XIII. (A) The Polish Kingdom 275 By Professor M. Handelsman (B) The November Insurrection 295 By Colonel Br. Pawłowski Chapter XIV. (A) The Great Emigration 311 By Dr A. P. Coleman, Columbia (B) TheGreatEmigrationandPolish Romanticism 324 By the late Miss Monica Gardner Chapter XV. The Polish Provinces of Austria and Prussia after 1815; the “Springtime of Nations” 336 By Professor J. Feldman, Cracow Chapter XVI. Poland under Alexander II: The Insurrection of 1863 365 By Dr A. P. Coleman Chapter XVII. Russian Poland in the Later Nine­ teenth Century 387 By Professor W. J. Rose Chapter XVIII. Prussian Poland, 1850-1914 409 By Professor W. J. Rose Chapter XIX. Galicia in the Period of Autonomy and Self-Government, 1849-1914 432 By the late Professor St. Estreicher, Cracow Chapter XX. T he Polish Question During the World War (A) M ilitary Efforts and Political Activities of the Poles 461 By Professor R. Dyboski, Cracow

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