The Cambridge History of Latin America Vol 08 Since 1930 Spannish South America

885 Pages·2008·46.36 MB·English

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF
LATIN AMERICA
VOLUME VIII
Latin America since 1930:
Spanish South America
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF
LATIN AMERICA
VOLUME I Colonial Latin America
VOLUME II Colonial Latin America
VOLUME in From Independence to c. i8jo
VOLUME iv c. 1870 to 1930
VOLUME V C. l8jO to I93O
VOLUME vi Latin America since 1930: Economy, society and politics
VOLUME VII Latin America since 1930: Mexico, Central America
and the Caribbean
VOLUME VIII Latin America since 1930: Spanish South America
VOLUME ix Latin America since 1930: Brazil; Ideas, culture
and society
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
THE CAMBRIDGE
HISTORY OF
LATIN AMERICA
VOLUME VIII
Latin America since 1930
Spanish South America
edited by
LESLIE BETHELL
Professor of Latin American History
University of London
CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK http: //www.cup.cam.ac.uk
40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA http: //www.cup.org
10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia
© Cambridge University Press 1991
This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and
to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 1991
Reprinted 1996, 1999
Printed in the United States of America
Typeset in Garamond
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data is available
ISBN 0-521-26652-1 hardback
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
CONTENTS
List of maps page vii
General preface ix
Preface to Volume VIII xiii
PART ONE. ARGENTINA, URUGUAY AND
PARAGUAY
1 Argentina, 1930—46 3
DAVID ROCK, Professor of History, University of California
at Santa Barbara
2 Argentina since 1946 73
JUAN CARLOS TORRE Instituto Torcuato Di Telia, and
LILIANA DE RJZ, Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad
(CEDES), Buenos Aires
3 Uruguay since 1930 195
HENRY FINCH, Senior Lecturer in Economic and Social
History, Liverpool University
4 Paraguay since 1930 233
PAUL H. LEWIS, Professor of Political Science, Newcomb
College, Tulane University
PART TWO. CHILE
5 Chile, 1930-58 269
PAUL DRAKE, Professor of Political Science and History,
University of California at San Diego
6 Chile since 1958 311
ALAN ANGELL, Lecturer in Latin American Politics and
Fellow, St. Antony's College, Oxford
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vi Contents
PART THREE. PERU AND BOLIVIA
7 Peru, 1930-60 385
GEOFFREY BERTRAM, Senior Lecturer in Economics,
Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
8 Peru since i960 451
JULIO COTLER, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima
9 Bolivia since 1930 509
LAURENCE WHITEHEAD, Official Fellow in Politics,
Nujfield College, Oxford
PART FOUR. COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND
VENEZUELA
10 Colombia, 1930—58 • 587
CHRISTOPHER ABEL, Lecturer in Latin American History,
University College London and MARCO PALACIOS, Bogota
11 Colombia since 1958 629
CHRISTOPHER ABEL and MARCO PALACIOS
12 Ecuador since 1930 687
ENRIQUE AYALA MORA, Universidad Central del Ecuador,
Quito
13 Venezuela since 1930 727
JUDITH EWELL, Professor of History, College of William
and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia
Bibliographical essays 791
Index 869
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
MAPS
Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay page 2
Chile 268
Peru and Bolivia 384
Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela 586
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
GENERAL PREFACE
For almost a hundred years multi-volume Cambridge Histories, planned
and edited by historians of established reputation, with individual chap-
ters written by leading specialists in their fields, have set the highest
standards of collaborative international scholarship. The Cambridge Modern
History, edited by Lord Acton, appeared in sixteen volumes between 1902
and 1912. It was followed by The Cambridge Ancient History, The Cambridge
Medieval History and others. The Modern History has now been replaced by
The New Cambridge Modern History in fourteen volumes, and The Cambridge
Economic History of Europe has recently been completed. Cambridge Histo-
ries of Islam, of Iran and of Africa are published or near completion; in
progress are Histories of China, of Judaism and of Japan.
In the early 1970s Cambridge University Press decided the time was
ripe to embark on a Cambridge History of Latin America. Since the
Second World War and particularly since i960 research and writing on
Latin American history had been developing, and have continued to de-
velop, at an unprecedented rate - in the United States (by American
historians in particular, but also by British, European and Latin American
historians resident in the United States), in Britain and continental Eu-
rope, and increasingly in Latin America itself (where a new generation of
young professional historians, many of them trained in the United States,
Britain or continental Europe, had begun to emerge). Perspectives had
changed as political, economic and social realities in Latin America — and
Latin America's role in the world — had changed. Methodological innova-
tions and new conceptual models drawn from the social sciences (econom-
ics, political science, historical demography, sociology, anthropology) as
well as from other fields of historical research were increasingly being
adopted by historians of Latin America. The Latin American Studies
monograph series and the Journal of Latin American Studies had already been
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008