The Cambridge History of Communism: Volume 3, Endgames? Late Communism in Global Perspective, 1968 to the Present

662 Pages·2017·4.61 MB·English

by  Juliane Furst

the cambridge history of
COMMUNISM
ThethirdvolumeofTheCambridgeHistoryofCommunismspans
the period from the 1960s to the present, documenting the last
two decades of the global Cold War and the collapse of Soviet
socialism.Aninternationalteamofscholarsanalyzestheriseof
China as a global power continuing to proclaim its Maoist
allegiance, and the transformation of the geopolitics and
political economy of Cold War conflict in an era of increasing
economic interpenetration. Beneath the surface, profound
political, social, economic and cultural changes were occurring
in the socialist and former socialist countries, resulting in the
collapse and transformations of the existing socialist order and
thechangingparametersofworldMarxism.Thisvolumedraws
oninnovativeresearchtobringtogetherhistoryfromaboveand
below,includingsocial,cultural,genderandtransnationalhistory
totranscendtheoldseparationbetweencommuniststudiesand
thebroaderfieldofcontemporaryhistory.
Juliane Fu¨rst is Reader in Modern European History at the
University of Bristol. She is the author of Stalin’s Last Generation:
SovietPost-WarYouthandtheEmergenceofMatureSocialism(2010)and
theeditorofLateStalinistRussia:SocietyBetweenReconstructionand
Reinvention(2006).
SilvioPonsisProfessorofContemporaryHistoryattheUniversity
of Rome “Tor Vergata.” He is the president of the Gramsci
Foundation in Rome and a member of the Editorial Board of the
JournalofColdWarStudies.HismainpublicationsincludeStalinand
theInevitableWar(2002),ReinterpretingtheEndoftheColdWar(2005),A
Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Communism (2010) and The Global
Revolution:AHistoryofInternationalCommunism(2014).
Mark Selden is a Senior Research Associate in the East Asia
ProgramatCornellUniversity,andEditorofTheAsia-PacificJournal:
JapanFocus.Hisresearchonmodernandcontemporarygeopolitics,
political economy and history of China, Japan and the Asia-Pacific
ranges broadly across themes of war and revolution, inequality,
development, regional and world social change, and historical
memory.BooksincludeChinainRevolution:TheYenanWayRevisited
(1995), Chinese Society: Change, Conflict and Resistance (2010), The
Resurgence of East Asia: 500, 150 and 50 Year Perspectives (2003) and
ChineseVillage,SocialistState(1993).
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thecambridgehistoryof
communism
generaleditor
silvio pons,UniversitàdegliStudidiRoma“TorVergata”
The Cambridge History of Communism is an unprecedented global history of
communismacrossthetwentiethcentury.Withcontributionsfromateamof
leadinghistorians,economists,politicalscientistsandsociologists,thethree
volumes examine communism in the context of wider political, social,
cultural and economic processes, while at the same time revealing how it
contributed to shaping them. Volume I deals with the roots, impact and
development of communism, analyzing the tumultuous events from the
Russian Revolution of 1917 to World War II, and historical personalities
suchasLenin,StalinandTrotsky.VolumesIIandIIIthenreviewtheglobal
impactofcommunism,focusingontheColdWar,theChineseRevolution,
theVietnamWarandtheeventualcollapseoftheSovietUnion.Togetherthe
volumesexplainwhyamovementthatsoughttobringrevolutiononaworld
scale,overthrowingcapitalismandparliamentarydemocracy,acquiredsuch
forceandinfluenceglobally.
volumei
WorldRevolutionandSocialisminOneCountry1917–1941
editedbysilvioponsandstephena.smith
volumeii
TheSocialistCampandWorldPower1941–1960s
editedbynormannaimark,silvioponsandsophiequinn-judge
volumeiii
Endgames?LateCommunisminGlobalPerspective,1968tothePresent
editedbyjulianefu¨rst,silvioponsandmarkselden
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THE CAMBRIDGE
HISTORY OF
COMMUNISM
*
VOLUME III
Endgames? Late Communism in
1968
Global Perspective, to the Present
*
Editedby
JULIANE FÜRST
UniversityofBristol
SILVIO PONS
UniversitàdegliStudidiRoma“TorVergata”
MARK SELDEN
CornellUniversity
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Contents
ListofPlates pageviii
ListofFigures xi
ListofContributorstoVolumeIII xii
IntroductiontoVolumeIII 1
juliane fu¨rst, silvio pons and mark selden
part i
globalism and crisis 21
1. TheGlobal1968andInternationalCommunism 23
robert gildea (university of oxford)
2. TheVietnamWarasaWorldEvent 50
marilyn b. young (new york university) and sophie quinn-judge
(temple university)
3. TheSovietUnionandtheGlobalColdWar 72
artemy m. kalinovsky (university of amsterdam)
4. MarxistRevolutionsandRegimesinLatinAmerica
andAfricainthe1970s 95
piero gleijeses (johns hopkins university)
5. Cambodia:DetonatorofCommunism’sImplosion 121
ben kiernan (yale university)
6. HumanRightsandCommunism 151
mark philip bradley (university of chicago)
v
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Contents
7. ReformCommunism 178
silvio pons (university of rome “tor vergata”) and michele di
donato (sciences po, paris)
8. TheDeclineofSoviet-TypeEconomies 203
andre´ steiner(zentrumfu¨rzeithistorischeforschungpotsdam)
9. Europe’s“1989”inGlobalContext 224
james mark (university of exeter) and tobias rupprecht
(university of exeter)
10. TheCollapseoftheSovietUnion 250
vladislav m. zubok (london school of economics and political
science)
part ii
everyday socialism and lived experiences 279
11. TheAgingPioneer:LateSovietSocialistSociety,ItsChallenges
andChallengers 281
juliane fu¨rst (university of bristol) and
stephen v. bittner (sonoma state university)
12. CommunismandReligion 307
stephen a. smith (university of oxford)
13. VisualizingtheSocialistPublicSphere 333
reuben fowkes (translocal institute, budapest)
14. CommunistPropagandaandMediaintheEraoftheColdWar 354
stephen lovell (king’s college london)
15. TheZonesofLateSocialistLiterature 376
polly jones (university of oxford)
16. Feminism,CommunismandGlobalSocialism:Encounters
andEntanglements 399
celia donert (university of liverpool)
vi
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Contents
17. TheCommunistandPostsocialistGenderOrderinRussia
andChina 422
marko dumancˇic´ (western kentucky university)
part iii
transformations and legacies 447
18. MakeSomeGetRichFirst:StateConsumerismandPrivate
EnterpriseintheCreationofPostsocialistChina 449
karl gerth (university of california san diego)
19. China’sHumanDevelopmentAfterSocialism 474
carl riskin (columbia university)
20. China’sPostsocialistTransformationandGlobalResurgence:Political
EconomyandGeopolitics 502
ho-fung hung (johns hopkins university) and mark selden
(cornell university)
21. CommunismandEnvironment 529
douglas r. weiner (university of arizona)
22. LegaciesofCommunism:ComparativeRemarks 556
jan c. behrends (zentrum fu¨r zeithistorische forschung
potsdam)
23. StateCommunismat100:RememberingandForgetting
theRussianRevolution 581
jan plamper (goldsmiths, university of london)
24. ThirtyYearsAfter:TheEndofEuropeanCommunism
inHistoricalPerspective 600
charles s. maier (harvard university)
Index 622
Platesaretobefoundbetweenpp.336and337
vii
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Plates
1. DemonstrationsandstudentrevoltinBerlin.Youngprotesterscarryflagsanda
posterofHoChiMinh,February1968.WolfgangKunz/ullsteinbildviaGetty
Images.
2. StudentsdemonstratinginPrague,1968.Imagno/GettyImages.
3. MembersoftheXiangyangcommuneinJiangsuprovincetakepartinthe
campaignto“CriticizeLinBiaoandConfucius.”Early1970s.Bettmann/
Contributor/GettyImages.
4. JosipBrozTito,PrimeMinisterIndiraGandhiofIndiaandTanzanianpresident
JuliusNyereretalkwhiletheyattendthethirdconferenceoftheNon-Aligned
Movement,Lusaka,Zambia,September1970.JohnReader/TheLIFEImages
Collection/GettyImages.
5. VeteranUSmilitantAngelaDavisiswelcomeduponherarrivalinMoscow,29
August1972,byValentinaV.Nikolseva-Tereshkova,presidentoftheSoviet
Women’sCommittee,andmembersoftheCentralCommitteeofthe
CommunistPartyoftheSovietUnion.AFP/GettyImages.
6. MaoZedongandRichardNixonwithZhouEnlaiandHenryKissingerin
Beijing,21February1972.Bettmann/Contributor/GettyImages.
7. RussianwriterandNobelPrizewinnerAleksandrSolzhenitsynismobbedby
journalistsonhisarrivalinZurichafterbeingdeprivedofhisSovietcitizenship
followingthepublicationofTheGulagArchipelago,1974.Keystone/Staff/
GettyImages.
8. LiberationofSaigon(nowHoChiMinhCity),May1975.Jean-ClaudeLABBE/
Gamma-RaphoviaGettyImages.
9. MaoZedongwithKhmerRougeleadersPolPotandIengSaryinBeijing,June
1975.API/Gamma-RaphoviaGettyImages.
10. AttheMontrealOlympicGames,RomanianOlympicgymnasticschampion
NadiaComanecicelebratesasthescoreboardshowstheperfectscoreof10after
heracrobaticcompulsoryontheunevenbars.AFPPHOTO.
11. Tashkent1978.Privatecollection.PhotobyIgorPalmin.
12. BeriozkastoreinMoscow,1970s.Privatecollection.PhotobyFineArtImages/
HeritageImages/GettyImages.
13. RaulCastro,FidelCastroandHaileMengistuofEthiopiainHavana,1May
1978.FrancoisLOCHON/Gamma-RaphoviaGettyImages.
viii
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ListofPlates
14. PopularmeetingintheNicaraguancapitalofManaguaaftertheSandinista
victory,1979.TonyComiti/SygmaviaGettyImages.
15. MassgraveofvictimsofthePolPotregimenearthehillsoftheformer
CambodiancapitalofOudong,40kmnorthofPhnomPenh.RolandNeveu/
LightRocketviaGettyImages.
16. ASolidarityrallyduringPopeJohnPaulII'svisittoKraków,Poland,June1979.
Bettmann/Contributor/GettyImages.
17. DengXiaopingandHuYaobang,Beijing,September1981.Stringer/Getty
Images.
18. FuneralofEnricoBerlinguer,13June1984.MondadoriPortfolioviaGetty
Images.
19. LeadersoftheWarsawPactatameetingofthePoliticalConsultative
CommitteeinPrague,1983.ITAR-TASS/VladimirMusaelyan;EduardPesov.
PhotobyTASSviaGettyImages.
20. EastGermantelevisionfilmingthecelebrationceremonyofthefortieth
anniversaryofthecapitulationofNaziGermanytotheSovietUnioninWorld
WarII,8May1985.Mehner/ullsteinbildviaGettyImages.
21. ChernobylNuclearReactorNo.4,whichexplodedon26April1986.Oktay
Ortakcioglu/GettyImages.
22. SecondhandmarketattheSkala-ExpofairgroundinBudapest,1982.Keystone
PicturesUSA/AlamyStockPhoto.
23. AnewshipmentofshoesimmediatelyattractsalineofpeopleinMoscow,
1980s.Bettmann/Contributor/GettyImages.
24. Residentschattingatmodernconcretehousingprojectinasouthwestern
suburbofPrague,1980s.ChrisNiedenthal/TheLIFEImagesCollection/
GettyImages.
25. MikhailGorbachevandRonaldReaganinRedSquare,Moscow,May1988.
TASSviaGettyImages.
26. SovietwithdrawalfromAfghanistan:ThelastbattalioncrossestheSoviet–
AfghanborderalongthebridgeovertheAmu-Dar’iaRivernearthetownof
Termez,Uzbekistan,15February1989.Sovfoto/UIGviaGettyImages.
27. MikhailGorbachevonanofficialvisitinBeijingmeetingwithDengXiaoping,
May1989.JacquesLangevin/Sygma/SygmaviaGettyImages.
28. StudentsprotestinginTiananmenSquareinBeijing,May1989.dpapicture
alliance/AlamyStockPhoto.
29. ArrestwarrantonChina’sstatetelevisionforChinesescientistanddissident
FangLizhi,akeyfigureinthepro-democracymovementthatinspiredthe
TiananmenSquareprotestsin1989,andhiswifeLiShuxian.AFP/Stringer/
GettyImages.
30. AcademicianAndreiSakharovaddressingthefinalsessionoftheFirstCongress
ofUSSRPeople’sDeputies,June1989.ITAR-TASSPhotoAgency/Alamy
StockPhoto.
31. WomenveteransinthecathedralareaoftheKremlin,Moscow,9May1989.
VladimirBogdanov/FotoSoyuz/GettyImages.
32. TheBerlinWall,November1989.PoolBOUVET/MERILLON/
GammaRaphoviaGettyImages.
ix
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