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The Cambridge History of African and Caribbean Literature (2 Volume Set) PDF

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the cambridge history of AFRICAN AND CARIBBEAN LITERATURE ∗ ThishistoryoffersnewperspectivesonAfricanandCaribbeanlit- erature.Itprovidesthegeneralcoverageandspecificinformation expectedofamajorhistory.Chaptersaddresstheliteratureitself, thepracticesandconditionsofitscomposition,anditscomplex relationshipwithAfricansocialandgeopoliticalhistory.Thebook providesanintroductiontotheentirebodyofproductionsthat canbeconsideredtocomprisethefieldofAfricanliterature,de- finedbothbyimaginativeexpressioninAfricaitselfandtheblack diaspora. It also accounts for the specific historical and cultural contextinwhichthisexpressionhasbeenmanifestedinAfricaand the Caribbean: the formal particularities of the literary corpus, bothoralandwritten,thatcanbeascribedtothetwoareas,and thediversityofmaterialandtextscoveredbytherepresentative works.ThismagisterialhistoryofAfricanliteratureisanessential resourceforspecialistsandstudents. ProfessorF.AbiolaIreleisProfessorofAfro-AmericanStudiesand RomanceLanguagesandLiteraturesatHarvardUniversity.Hispubli- cationsincludeanannotatededitionofSelectedPoemsofLe´opoldSe´dar Senghor(1977),TheAfricanExperienceinLiteratureandIdeology(1981; reprinted1990),andanannotatededitionofAime´Ce´saire’sCahierd’un retouraupaysnatal(1994;secondedition1999),aswellasnumerousarti- clesandreviewsandarecentvolumeofessays,TheAfricanImagination (2001).HeisacontributingeditortothenewNortonAnthologyofWorld LiteratureandiscurrentlyeditorofResearchinAfricanLiteratures.Heis generaleditoroftheseriesCambridgeStudiesinAfricanandCaribbean Literature. SimonGikandiisRobertHaydenProfessorofEnglishLanguageand LiteratureattheUniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor.Hisbooksin- cludeReadingtheAfricanNovel,ReadingChinuaAchebe,WritinginLimbo: ModernismandCaribbeanLiterature,MapsofEnglishness:WritingIdentity intheCultureofColonialism,andNgugiwaThiong’o. Heisthegeneral editorofTheEncyclopediaofAfricanLiterature. Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF AFRICAN AND CARIBBEAN LITERATURE ∗ VOLUME 1 ∗ Editedby F. ABIOLA IRELE and SIMON GIKANDI Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge ThePittBuilding,TrumpingtonStreet,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom cambridge university press TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb22ru,uk 40West20thStreet,NewYork,ny10011-4211,usa 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia RuizdeAlarco´n13,28014Madrid,Spain DockHouse,TheWaterfront,CapeTown8001,SouthAfrica http://www.cambridge.org (cid:2)C CambridgeUniversityPress2004 Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2004 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge TypefaceDanteMT10.5/13pt SystemLATEX2ε [tb] AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongresscataloginginpublicationdata Irele,Abiola. TheCambridgehistoryofAfricanandCaribbeanliterature/editedbyF.AbiolaIreleand SimonGikandi. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn0521594340(hardback) 1.Literature–Blackauthors–Historyandcriticism. i.Gikandi,Simon ii.Title. pn841.174 2003 809(cid:3).8896–dc21 2003046121 Volume1 isbn0521832756 Onlyavailableasatwo-volumeset isbn0521594340hardback Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Contents Notesoncontributors ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xxi Chronology xxii Maps xxxvii Volume1 1·Africaandorality  liz gunner 2·Thefolktaleanditsextensions  kwesi yankah 3·Festivals,ritual,anddramainAfrica  tejumola olaniyan 4·ArabandBerberoraltraditionsinNorthAfrica  sabra webber 5·HeroicandpraisepoetryinSouthAfrica  lupenga mphande 6·Africanoralepics  isidore okpewho 7·TheoraltraditionintheAfricandiaspora  maureen warner-lewis v Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Contents 8·CarnivalandthefolkoriginsofWestIndiandrama  keith q. warner 9·Africaandwriting  alain ricard 10·Ethiopianliterature  teodros kiros 11·AfricanliteratureinArabic  farida abu-haidar 12·TheSwahililiterarytradition:aninterculturalheritage  alamin m. mazrui 13·AfricaandtheEuropeanRenaissance  sylvie kande´ 14·Theliteratureofslaveryandabolition  moira ferguson 15·Discoursesofempire  robert eric livingston 16·African-languageliteraturesofsouthernAfrica  daniel p. kunene 17·Gikuyuliterature:developmentfromearly ChristianwritingstoNgu˜g˜ı’s laternovels  ann biersteker 18·TheemergenceofwrittenHausaliterature  ousseina alidou 19·LiteratureinYoru`ba´:poetryandprose;travelingtheater andmoderndrama  karin barber vi Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Contents 20·Africanliteratureandthecolonialfactor  simon gikandi 21·Theformativejournalsandinstitutions  milton krieger 22·LiteratureinAfrikaans  ampie coetzee Volume2 23·EastAfricanliteratureinEnglish  simon gikandi 24·AnglophoneliteratureofCentralAfrica  flora veit-wild anthony chennells and 25·WestAfricanliteratureinEnglish:beginningstothemid-seventies  dan izevbaye 26·SouthAfricanliteratureinEnglish  david attwell 27·AfricanliteratureinFrench:sub-SaharanAfricaduring thecolonialperiod  mildred mortimer 28·NorthAfricanliteratureinFrench  patricia geesey 29·FrancophoneliteraturesoftheIndianOcean  be´ne´dicte mauguie`re 30·AfricanliteratureinSpanish  m’bare n’gom vii Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Contents 31·AfricanliteratureinPortuguese  russell g. hamilton 32·PopularliteratureinAfrica  ode s. ogede 33·CaribbeanliteratureinFrench:originsanddevelopment  nick nesbitt 34·CaribbeanliteratureinSpanish  lizabeth paravisini-gebert 35·AnglophoneCaribbeanliterature  elaine savory 36·TheHarlemRenaissanceandtheNegritudemovement  f. abiola irele 37·PostcolonialCaribbeanidentities  j. michael dash 38·Africanliteratureandpost-independencedisillusionment  derek wright 39·“Postcolonial”AfricanandCaribbeanliterature  adele king 40·ModernismandPostmodernisminAfricanliterature  ato quayson Index  viii Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Notes on contributors faridaabu-haidariswiththeInstituteofLinguistsinLondon. ouessinaalidouisaprofessorintheDepartmentofAfricanaStudiesofRutgersUniversity, Piscataway,NewJersey. davidattwellisChairoftheDepartmentofEnglishintheSchoolofLanguage,Culture, andCommunicationoftheUniversityofNatal,Pietermaritzburg,SouthAfrica. karinbarberisProfessorofAfricanCulturalAnthropologyattheCentreofWestAfrican Studies,UniversityofBirmingham,England. annbierstekerisaprofessorwithAfricanandAfricanAmericanStudiesatYaleUniversity. anthony chennells is a professor in the Department of English at the University of Zimbabwe,inMountPleasant,Harare. ampiecoetzeeisSeniorProfessorofAfrikaansLiteratureattheUniversityoftheWestern Cape,Bellville(nearCapeTown),SouthAfrica. j.michaeldashisProfessorofFrenchatNewYorkUniversity. moirafergusonisProfessorofEnglishattheUniversityofMissouri-KansasCity. patriciageeseyisAssociateProfessorofFrenchattheUniversityofNorthFlorida. simongikandiisProfessorofEnglishLanguageandLiteratureattheUniversityofMichigan inAnnArbor. lizgunnerisamemberoftheDepartmentofEnglishattheUniversityofNatal,Scottsville inSouthAfrica. russell g. hamilton is Professor Emeritus of Lusophone African, Brazilian, and PortugueseLiteraturesatVanderbiltUniversity. f.abiolaireleisProfessorofAfro-AmericanStudiesandRomanceLanguagesandLiter- aturesatHarvardUniversity. danizevbayeisaprofessorintheFacultyofArtsattheUniversityofFortHareinSouth Africa. sylviekande´isanindependentscholarresidinginNewYork. adelekingisProfessorofFrenchatBallStateUniversityinMuncie,Indiana. teodroskirosisProfessorofPhilosophyatSuffolkUniversityinBoston. milton krieger is with the Department of Liberal Studies of Western Washington UniversityinBellingham. danielp.kuneneisaprofessorintheDepartmentofAfricanLanguagesandLiteratureat theUniversityofWisconsin,Madison. robertericlivingstonisAssociateDirectoroftheInstituteforCollaborativeResearch andPublicHumanitiesattheOhioStateUniversityinColumbus. ix Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Notesoncontributors be´ne´dictemauguie`reisProfessorofFrancophoneStudiesattheUniversityofLouisiana atLafayette. alaminmazruiisaprofessorintheDepartmentofAfricanAmericanandAfricanStudies attheOhioStateUniversityinColumbus. mildredmortimerisProfessorofFrenchattheUniversityofColoradoinBoulder. lupengamphandeiswiththeDepartmentofAfricanAmericanandAfricanStudiesatthe OhioStateUniversityinColumbus. nick nesbittisaprofessorintheDepartmentofFrenchatMiamiUniversityinOxford, Ohio. m’baren’gomisChairoftheDepartmentofForeignLanguagesatMorganStateUniversity inBaltimore. ode s. ogede is a professor in the Department of English at North Carolina Central UniversityinDurham. isidoreokpewhoisaprofessorintheDepartmentofAfro-AmericanandAfricanStudies attheStateUniversityofNewYork-Binghamton. tejumola olaniyaniswiththeDepartmentofAfricanLanguagesandLiteratureatthe UniversityofWisconsininMadison. lizabethparavisini-gebertisaprofessorintheDepartmentofHispanicStudiesatVassar CollegeinPoughkeepsie,NewYork. atoquaysoniswiththeDepartmentofEnglishinPembrokeCollege,Cambridge. alainricardiswiththeCentred’Etuded’AfriqueNoireoftheUniversite´sdeBordeaux, France. elaine savory is Director of the Literature Program at the New School University, NewYorkCity. flora veit-wild isamemberofthePhilosophischeFakulta¨tIII,Asien-undAfrikawis- senschaftenofHumbolt-Universita¨tzuBerlin. keithq.warnerisProfessorofFrenchandCaribbeanStudiesatGeorgeMasonUniversity, Fairfax,Virginia. maureen warner-lewisisProfessorofAfrican-CaribbeanLanguageandOratureinthe DepartmentofLiteraturesinEnglish,UniversityoftheWestIndies,Mona,Jamaica. sabrawebberisanAssociateProfessor,withajointappointmentintheDepartmentsof NearEasternLanguagesandCulturesandComparativeStudiesintheHumanitiesat theOhioStateUniversityinColumbus. derekwrightisProfessorofEnglishattheUniversityofQueenslandinBrisbane,Australia. kwesiyankahisaprofessorattheUniversityofGhanainLegon. x Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Preface InherinaugurallectureasProfessorofEnglishatUniversityCollege,Ibadan, Molly Mahood justified the formal study of English literature in an African universityonthegroundsthattheEnglishlanguagewasuniquelyplacedtoplay asignificantroleintheemergenceofnewnationalliteraturesintheAfrican territories under British rule, as part of the process of their transformation intonationalentitiesthatthecolonialsituationhadinevitablysetinmotion. Invokingtheprecedentestablishedintheearlypartofthetwentiethcentury bythesignalcontributionofIrishwriterstotherenewalofEnglish,Mahood envisionedaparalleldevelopmentinwhichcreativewritersinAfricawould function as effective bearers of an original imagination, rooted in the local culture, and forging out of the common experience a new and compelling expressioninEnglish.HerintimationofaliteraryrenaissanceinAfricabasedon Englishwasfurtherpremisedonasociologicalobservationthattookaccount of the progressive rise of a national elite educated in a common language, thatofthecolonizer,andfromwhoserankswouldarisenotonlythecreative writersbutalsoanewreadingpublic,andinparticularacadreofinformed critics,respondingtotheirworkintermsfamiliartobothwriterandpublic andthusservingastheprimaryaudienceforthenewliterature.Inherview, theuniversityinAfricacouldthusberegardedastheenablingenvironment fortheformationofanewliteraryculture,inwhatStanleyFishwaslaterto call “an interpretive community,” for which the colonial language stood to functionasthedeterminingcohesiveelement(Mahood1955). ThemainpointofMahood’sargumentwhichhastodowiththepotential fortheriseofanewliteratureinEnglishwassoontobefullyverifiedinthe Nigerian context that was the immediate focus of her attention. Although Cyprian Ekwensi and Amos Tutuola were already published writers by the timeshedeliveredherlecture,thesignificanceoftheirworkasharbingersofa newliteraryculturewastobeheightenedbytheappearancein1958ofChinua Achebe’s novel, Things Fall Apart, a work that has since established itself as xi Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008

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Featuring new perspectives on African and Caribbean literature, this History explores the scope of the literature (variety of languages, regions and genres); nature of composition; and complex relationship with African social and geo-political history. It comprehensively covers the field of African
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