The Cambridge Handbook Of Responsible Artificial Intelligence: Interdisciplinary Perspectives

528 Pages·2022·5.294 MB·English

by  Silja Voeneky, Philipp Kellmeyer, Oliver Mueller, Wolfram Burgard

the cambridge handbook of responsible artificial intelligence
Inthepastdecade,artificialintelligence(AI)hasbecomeadisruptiveforcearoundtheworld,offering
enormouspotentialforinnovationbutalsocreatinghazardsandrisksforindividualsandthesocieties
inwhichtheylive.Thisvolumeaddressesthemostpressingphilosophical,ethical,legal,andsocietal
challengesposedbyAI.Contributorsfromdifferentdisciplinesandsectorsexplorethefoundational
and normative aspects of responsible AI and provide a basis for a transdisciplinary approach to
responsible AI. This work, which is designed to foster future discussions to develop proportional
approaches to AI governance, will enable scholars, scientists, and other actors to identify normative
frameworksforAItoallowsocieties,states,andtheinternationalcommunitytounlockthepotential
for responsible innovation in this critical field. This book is also available as Open Access on
CambridgeCore.
silja voeneky is a leading scholar in the field of the interdependence of ethics and public inter-
nationallaw,andthegovernanceofemergingtechnologies.SheisProfessorofPublicInternational
Law,andComparativeLawattheUniversityofFreiburgandwasaFellowatHarvardLawSchool.She
previouslyservedasamemberoftheGermanEthicsCouncil.Since2001,Voenekyhasbeen,interalia,
a legal advisor to the German Federal Foreign Office and the German Federal Ministry
ofEnvironment.
philipp kellmeyer is a neurologist and neuroscientist at the Medical Center – University of
Freiburg.Inhisneuroscientificwork,heinvestigateslanguageprocessinginthebrainandtheclinical
applicationofbrain–computerinterfaces,virtualreality,andotherdigitaltechnologies.Throughhis
contributions to neuroethics, he has become an international expert on ethical aspects of neurosci-
ence,neurotechnology,andAI.
oliver mueller is Professor of Philosophy with a focus on technology and on contemporary
philosophy, University of Freiburg, and a Senior Fellow at the 2018–2021 FRIAS Saltus Research
Group‘ResponsibleAI’.
wolfram burgard isaleadingresearcherinRoboticsandArtificialIntelligence.Heco-authored
morethan400publicationsincludingthefamousbook‘ProbabilisticRobotics’.Hereceivednumer-
ous awards including the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, the most prestigious German research
award,andisFellowofseveralsocieties.

The Cambridge Handbook of
fi
Responsible Arti cial Intelligence
interdisciplinary perspectives
Edited by
SILJA VOENEKY
University of Freiburg
PHILIPP KELLMEYER
MedicalCenter – University of Freiburg
OLIVER MUELLER
University of Freiburg
WOLFRAM BURGARD
University ofTechnology Nuremberg
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doi:10.1017/9781009207898
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Firstpublished2022
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
names:Voeneky,Silja,1969–editor.|Kellmeyer,Philipp,1979–editor.|Mueller,Oliver,1972–editor.|
Burgard,Wolfram,editor.
title:TheCambridgehandbookofresponsibleartificialintelligence:interdisciplinaryperspectives/
editedbySiljaVoeneky,UniversityofFreiburg;PhilippKellmeyer,MedicalCenter–UniversityofFreiburg;OliverMueller,
UniversityofFreiburg;WolframBurgard,UniversityofTechnologyNuremberg.
description:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2022.|
Series:Cambridgelawhandbooks|Includesindex.
identifiers:lccn2022022867(print)|lccn2022022868(ebook)|isbn9781009207867(hardback)|
isbn9781009207898(epub)
subjects:lcsh:Artificialintelligence–Lawandlegislation.|Artificialintelligence–Socialaspects.|BISAC:LAW/
General
classification:lcck564.c6c35952022(print)|lcck564.c6(ebook)|ddc343.09/99–dc23/eng/20220630
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022022867
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Contents
List of Figures pageix
List of Contributors xi
Acknowledgements xix
Introduction 1
SiljaVoeneky, Philipp Kellmeyer,Oliver Mueller,andWolfram Burgard
part i foundations of responsible ai
1 ArtificialIntelligence:Key Technologies and Opportunities 11
Wolfram Burgard
2 Automating Supervision of AI Delegates 19
Jaan Tallinn and Richard Ngo
3 ArtificialMoral Agents:Conceptual Issues and Ethical Controversy 31
Catrin Misselhorn
4 Risk Impositionby ArtificialAgents: The Moral Proxy Problem 50
Johanna Thoma
5 ArtificialIntelligence and Its Integration intothe Human Lifeworld 67
Christoph Durt
part ii current and future approaches to ai governance
6 ArtificialIntelligence and the Past, Present,and Future of Democracy 85
Mathias Risse
7 The New Regulation of the European Union on ArtificialIntelligence:Fuzzy
Ethics Diffuseinto Domestic Lawand Sideline International Law 104
Thomas Burri
v
vi Contents
8 Fostering the Common Good: An AdaptiveApproach Regulating High-Risk
AI-Driven Productsand Services 123
Thorsten Schmidt and Silja Voeneky
9 China’s Normative Systems forResponsible AI: FromSoft Law toHard Law 150
Weixing ShenandYun Liu
10 Towardsa Global Artificial Intelligence Charter 167
Thomas Metzinger
11 Intellectual Debt: With Great Power ComesGreat Ignorance 176
Jonathan Zittrain
part iii responsible ai liability schemes
12 LiabilityforArtificialIntelligence:TheNeedtoAddressBothSafetyRisksand
FundamentalRights Risks 187
ChristianeWendehorst
13 Forwardto the Past: A Critical Evaluation of the EuropeanApproach to
Artificial Intelligence in Private International Law 210
Janvon Hein
part iv fairness and nondiscrimination in ai systems
14 Differences That Make aDifference: Computational Profiling and Fairness
to Individuals 229
Wilfried Hinsch
15 Discriminatory AI and the Law: Legal Standards for AlgorithmicProfiling 252
Antje von Ungern-Sternberg
part v responsible data governance
16 Artificial Intelligence and the Rightto Data Protection 281
Ralf Poscher
17 Artificial Intelligence as aChallenge forData Protection Law: AndViceVersa 290
Boris P.Paal
18 DataGovernanceandTrust: LessonsfromSouth KoreanExperiencesCoping
with COVID-19 309
Sangchul Park,YongLim, and Haksoo Ko
part vi responsible corporate governance of ai systems
19 FromCorporateGovernancetoAlgorithmGovernance:ArtificialIntelligence
as aChallenge for Corporations and Their Executives 331
JanLieder
Contents vii
20 Autonomization and Antitrust: Onthe Construalofthe Cartel Prohibition in
the Light ofAlgorithmicCollusion 347
Stefan Thomas
21 ArtificialIntelligenceinFinancialServices:NewRisksandtheNeedforMore
Regulation? 359
Matthias Paul
part vii responsible ai healthcare and
neurotechnology governance
22 MedicalAI: Key Elements atthe InternationalLevel 379
Fruzsina Molnár-Gábor and JohanneGiesecke
23 “Hey Siri, How Am I Doing?”:LegalChallenges for ArtificialIntelligence
Alter Egosin Healthcare 397
Christoph Krönke
24 ‘Neurorights’: A Human Rights–BasedApproach for
Governing Neurotechnologies 412
Philipp Kellmeyer
25 AI-Supported Brain–Computer Interfaces and the Emergence of ‘Cyberbilities’ 427
Boris Essmann and Oliver Mueller
part viii responsible ai for security applications and in
armed conflict
26 ArtificialIntelligence,Law,and NationalSecurity 447
Ebrahim Afsah
27 MorallyRepugnant Weaponry? Ethical Responses tothe Prospect of
Autonomous Weapons 475
Alex Leveringhaus
28 On‘Responsible AI’in War:Exploring Preconditions forRespecting
International Lawin ArmedConflict 488
Dustin A. Lewis