The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence: Global Perspectives on Law and Ethics

455 Pages·2022·4.171 MB·English

by  Larry A. DiMatteo (editor), Cristina Poncibò (editor), Michel Cannarsa (editor)

the cambridge handbook of artificial intelligence
Thetechnologyandapplicationofartificialintelligence(AI)throughoutsocietycontinuestogrowat
unprecedentedrates,whichraisesnumerouslegalquestionsthattodatehavebeenlargelyunexam-
ined.AlthoughAInowplaysaroleinalmostallareasofsociety,theneedforabetterunderstandingof
its impact, from legal and ethical perspectives, is pressing, and regulatory proposals are urgently
needed.Thisbookrespondstotheseneeds,identifyingtheissuesraisedbyAIandprovidingpractical
recommendationsforregulatory,technical,andtheoreticalframeworksaimedatmakingAIcompat-
ible with existing legal rules, principles, and democratic values. An international roster of authors
includingprofessorsofspecializedareasoflaw,technologists,andpractitionersbringtheirexpertiseto
theinterdisciplinarynatureofAI.
larrya.dimatteoisHuberHurstProfessorofContractLawattheWarringtonCollegeofBusiness
and Levin College of Law, University of Florida. He was the University of Florida’s 2012 Teacher-
ScholaroftheYearandistheformerEditor-in-ChiefoftheAmericanBusinessLawJournal.Heisthe
author, coauthor, or coeditor of more than 150 publications, including 15 books. His books include
TheCambridgeHandbookofJudicialControlofArbitralAwards(edited;CambridgeUniversityPress,
2020); The Cambridge Handbook of Smart Contracts, Blockchain Technology and Digital Platforms
(edited; Cambridge University Press, 2019); Comparative Contract Law: British and American
Perspectives(edited;OxfordUniversityPress,2nded.,2021);andInternationalSalesLaw:Principles,
ContractsandPractice(edited;Beck,Hart,&Nomos,2016).
cristinaponcibo` isProfessorofComparativePrivateLawattheLawDepartmentoftheUniversity
of Turin, Collegio Carlo Alberto Affiliate and a faculty member at Georgetown Law Center for
Transnational Legal Studies, London. She is also a fellow of the Transatlantic Technology Law
Forum (Stanford Law School and Vienna School of Law). Her most recent books include
Contracting and Contract Law in the Age of Artificial Intelligence (edited; Hart, 2022) and The
Cambridge Handbook of Smart Contracts, Blockchain Technology and Digital Platforms (edited;
CambridgeUniversityPress,2019).SheisthescientificdirectoroftheMaster’sinInternationalTrade
LawattheUniversityofTurin,ITC-ILO,incooperationwithUnicitralandUnidroit.Inhercareer,
she has been a Marie Curie Intra-European fellow (Université Panthéon-Assas) and a Max Weber
fellow(EuropeanUniversityInstitute).
michel cannarsa is Dean of Law at Lyon Catholic University, France. His areas of research are
internationalandEuropeanlaw,commerciallaw,comparativelaw,consumerlaw,lawofobligations,
andlegaltranslation.Hisrecentworkshavefocusedontheinteractionbetweenlawandtechnology,
contract, and products liability law, including The Cambridge Handbook of Smart Contracts,
Blockchain Technology andDigital Platforms (Cambridge University Press, 2019); “Interpretation of
ContractsandSmartContracts,”EuropeanReviewPrivateLaw(2018);“RemediesandDamages,”in
Chinese Contract Law: Civil and Common Law Perspectives (DiMatteo and Lei, eds., Cambridge
University Press, 2017); and La responsabilité du fait des produits défectueux: étude comparative
(Giuffrè,2005).HeisafellowoftheEuropeanLawInstitute.
Published online by Cambridge University Press
Published online by Cambridge University Press
fi
The Cambridge Handbook of Arti cial Intelligence
global perspectives on law and ethics
Edited by
LARRY A. DIMATTEO
University ofFlorida
CRISTINA PONCIBÒ
University of Turin
MICHEL CANNARSA
Lyon Catholic University
Published online by Cambridge University Press
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www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781316512807
doi:10.1017/9781009072168
©CambridgeUniversityPress2022
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andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
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Firstpublished2022
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Published online by Cambridge University Press
Contents
List of Figures pageix
List of Contributors xi
Foreword xxi
RogerBrownsword
Preface xxv
part i ai: development and trends
1 ArtificialIntelligence:ThePromise of Disruption 3
Larry A. Di Matteo
2 Essence of AI: What IsAI? 18
Pascal D.König,Tobias D.Krafft, WolfgangSchulz,and
KatharinaA. Zweig
3 AI in the Legal Profession 35
ChristyNg
part ii ai: contracting and corporate law
4 AI in Negotiatingand Entering intoContracts 45
ElizaMik
5 AI and Contract Performance 59
André Janssen
6 AI and Corporate Law 74
Florian Möslein
part iii ai and liability
7 Are ExistingTort Theories Ready for AI?An American Perspective 89
Robert A. Heverly
v
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vi Contents
8 Are Existing Tort Theories Ready for AI?A ContinentalEuropean Perspective 99
Jonas Knetsch
9 Liability for AI Decision-Making 116
Eric Tjong TjinTai
10 AI and Data Protection 132
Indra Spiecker andGenannt Döhmann
11 AI as Agents: AgencyLaw 146
PınarÇağlayan Aksoy
part iv ai and physical manifestations
12 Liability for Autonomous Vehicle Accidents 163
Marjolaine Monot-Fouletier
13 Interconnectivity and Liability:AI and the Internet
of Things 179
Geraint Howells andChristian Twigg-Flesner
14 Liability Standards for MedicalRobotics and AI: The Price
of Autonomy 200
Frank Pasquale
part v ai and intellectual property law
15 Patenting AI: The US Perspective 215
Susan Y.Tull
16 Patentability of AI:Inventionsin the European Patent Office 223
Nicholas Fox, Yelena Morozova, andLuigiDistefano
17 AI as Inventor 240
Christian E. Mammen
18 AI and Copyright Law:TheEuropean Perspective 257
Gerald Spindler
part vi ethical framework for ai
19 AI, Consumer Data Protectionand Privacy 273
Mateja Durovic andJonathon Watson
20 AI and LegalPersonhood 288
Mark Fenwick and Stefan Wrbka
21 AI, Ethics,and Law: A Way Forward 304
Joshua P. Davis
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Contents vii
22 Standardizing AI: The EuropeanCommission’sProposal for an ‘Artificial
Intelligence Act’ 321
Martin Ebers
part vii future of ai
23 AI Judges 347
Florence G’sell
24 Combating Bias in AI and MachineLearning in Consumer-Facing Services 364
CharlynL. Ho,Marc Martin, Divya Taneja,D.SeanWest,
SamBoro,andCoimbraJackson
25 Keeping AI Legal 383
Migle Laukyte
26 Colluding through Smart Technologies: Understanding Agreementsin the
Age of Algorithms 395
Giuseppe Colangelo andFrancesco Mezzanotte
27 The Folly of Regulating against AI’sExistential Threat 408
John O. McGinnis
28 AI and the Law:Interdisciplinary Challenges and Comparative Perspectives 419
Cristina PoncibòandMichel Cannarsa
Published online by Cambridge University Press
Published online by Cambridge University Press
Figures
1.1 “Responsible AI”(six main themes) page9
2.1 Timeline ofmajordevelopments inAI research andapplications 22
2.2 AI systems understood accordingto the agentconcept 26
17.1 Fractalprofile of the container from the DABUS patentapplication 242
22.1 International SDOs engaged in standardizing AI 329
ix
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