The Cambridge Economic History of Europe from the Decline of the Roman Empire, Volume 5: The Economic Organization of Early Modern Europe

692 Pages·1977·45.97 MB·English

by  E. E. Rich

THE
CAMBRIDGE
ECONOMIC HISTORY
GENERAL EDITORS: M. POSTAN, Professor Emeritus of Economic
History in the University of Cambridge; D. C. COIEMAN, Professor
of Economic History in the University of Cambridge; and PETER
MATHIAS, Chichele Professor of Economic History in the University
of Oxford
f VOLUME V
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
THE
CAMBRIDGE
ECONOMIC HISTORY
OF EUROPE
VOLUME V
THE ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION
OF EARLY MODERN EUROPE
EDITED BY
E. E. RICH
Sometime Vere Harnaworth Professor
of Imperial and Naval History in the
University qf Cambridge, and
Sometime Master of St Catharine's
College
AND
C. H. WILSON
Professor of Modern History in
the University qf Cambridge, and
Professor of History and Civilization
in the European University Institute
at Florence
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE
LONDON . NEW YORK . MELBOURNE
1977
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Published by the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press
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© Cambridge University Press 1977
Printed in Great Britain at the
University Press, Cambridge
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data (Revised)
Main entry under title:
The Cambridge economic history of Europe from the decline
of the Roman empire.
Includes bibliographies and indexes.
Vol. 2 planned by Sir John Clapham and Eileen Power,
edited by M. Postan and E. E. Rich.
CONTENTS, -v. 1. The agrarian life of the middle ages.
— v. 2. Trade and industry in the middle ages, [etc.]
1. Europe - Economic conditions. 2. Europe - History.
I. Clapham, Sir John Harold, 1873-1946, ed. II. Power,
Eileen Edna, 18 89-1940, joint ed.
HC240.C3 33O.94 4I-35O9
ISBN O 521 O87IO 4
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations page ix
Preface xi
CHAPTER I
The Historical Study of Economic Growth and Decline
in Early Modern History
By C. H. "WILSON, Professor of Modern History in the University of
Cambridge, and Professor of History and Civilization in the
European University Institute at Florence
I The Ends and Means of Economic History: Some Chang-
ing Concepts i
II Some Case Studies 21
III The Limitations of Historical Analysis 3 5
CHAPTER II
Agriculture in the Vital Revolution
By B. H. SLICHER VAN BATH, Emeritus Professor of Economic History
in the Agricultural University of Wageningen
I General Characteristics of the Period 42
II Agrarian Production 57
III Receipts and Expenditure in Farming Husbandry 104
IV Landownership 109
V Serfdom in Central and Eastern Europe 113
VI Social Stratification, Prices and Population 123
CHAPTER III
The European Fisheries in Early Modern History
By A. R. MICHEII, Lecturer in Economic History, University of Hull
I Sources for the History of Fishing 134
II Natural Fluctuations 135
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vi CONTENTS
III The Different Structures of Fishing page 140
IV The Herring Fishery 142
V The Cod Fishery 155
VI Pilchard and Mackerel Fisheries 166
VB The Whale Fishery 168
VIII Markets and the Consumption of Fish 172
IX Fishing in the Economy and the Government Response 178
X The Eighteenth-Century Problem 182
XI Conclusion 184
CHAPTER IV
The Changing Patterns of Trade
By KRISTOF GIAHAHN, Professor of History, University of Copenhagen
I The Ship and the Plough 185
II Demand and Consumption 195
III Areas and Trade Flows 205
IV The Market and its Organization 265
CHAPTER V
Monetary, Credit and Banking Systems
By HERMAN VAN DER WEE, Professor of Social and Economic History,
Catholic University of Louvain
I Money and Credit in the Local Economy 290
II The World of Trade and Finance 306
m The Financing of the Mercantilist State 358
IV Conclusion 391
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CONTENTS Vii
CHAPTER VI
The Nature of Enterprise
By BARRY SUPPLE, Professor of Economic and Social History,
University of Sussex
I The Framework of Enterprise page 394
II International Enterprise in Trade and Finance 407
HI Industrial Enterprise 424
IV Corporate Enterprise 436
V Aristocracy and Enterprise 447
VI Nations and Enterprise . 451
VII Conclusion 459
CHAPTER VII
The Organization of Industrial Production
By HERMANN KELLENBENZ, Professor of Economic History,
Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuremberg
I The Sixteenth-Century Prospect 462
II Definition 462
III Location 462
IV Organization 464
V Technological Progress 472
VI Investment Costs and Financing 478
VII The Role of Government 480
VD1 Private Entrepreneurship and the Labour Force 484
DC Production 488
X Industrial Production: Expansion and Crisis 543
XI Conclusion 547
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VU1 CONTENTS
CHAPTER VIII
Government and Society
By BETTY BEHRENS, Fellow Emerita, Clare Hall, University of Cambridge
I The Military-Bureaucratic Monarchies and the Soctfti
d'Ordres page 549
II The Monarchs and their Nobility 561
HI Mercantilism and the Bourgeoisie 573
IV The Social and Political Gospels of the German and
French Enlightenments 588
V The Physiocrats and the Peasants 604
Bibliographies
Editors' Note 621
Chapter I, p. 623; Chapter II, p. 626; Chapter HI, p. 644;
Chapter IV, p. 645; Chapter V, p. 651; Chapter VI,
p. 669; Chapter VII, p. 672; Chapter VIII, p. 676
Index 681
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ILLUSTRATIONS
1 Population/number of households in the province of
Overijssel pogfi 130
2 Major herring fishing grounds, with principal fish caught in
various parts of Europe 136
3 Annual fluctuations in Dutch herrings passing through the
Sound, 1600-49 137
4 The fishing banks from Cape Cod to Labrador 156
5 Herring passing through the Sound 165
6 Shipments offish by one Dieppe commission merchant, 1729 167
7 Centres of metal production 49O-I
8 Centres of textile production 512-13
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008