The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy PDF
Preview The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
T H E CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY O F PHILOSOPHY T H I R D E D I T I O N This is the most comprehensive dictionary of philosophical terms and thinkers available in English. Previously acclaimed as the most author- itativeandaccessibledictionaryofphilosophyinanylanguage,ithasbeen widely translated and has served both professional philosophers and students of philosophy worldwide. Written by a team of more than 550 experts – including more than 100 new to this third edition – the dictionary contains approximately 5,000 entries ranging from short definitions to full-length articles. It concisely defines terms, concretely illustrates ideas, and informatively describes philosophers. It is designed tofacilitatetheunderstandingofphilosophyatalllevelsandinallfields. Keyfeaturesofthisthirdedition: (cid:1) Some500newentriescoveringbothEasternandWesternphilosophy, as well as individual countries such as China, France, Germany, Italy,andSpain (cid:1) Increasedcoverageofsuchgrowingfieldsasethicsandphilosophyof mind (cid:1) Scoresofnewintellectualportraitsofleadingcontemporarythinkers (cid:1) WidercoverageofContinentalphilosophy (cid:1) Dozensofnewconceptsincognitivescienceandotherareas (cid:1) Enhanced cross-referencing to add context and to increase under- standing (cid:1) Expansionsofbothtextandindextofacilitateresearchandbrowsing Robert Audi is John A. O’Brien Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame. He is the author of numerous books and articles. His recent books include Moral Perception (2013); Democratic Authority and the Separation of Church and State (2011); Rationality and Religious Commitment (2011); Epistemology: A Contemporary Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge (2010);andMoralValueandHumanDiversity(2007).Audiisapastpresident of the American Philosophical Association, a former editor of the Journal ofPhilosophicalResearch,andaformerdirectorofNationalEndowmentfor theHumanitiesSummerSeminarsandSummerInstitutesforcollegeand universityteachers. BOARD OF EDITORIAL ADVISORS † WilliamP.Alston, SyracuseUniversity † D.M.Armstrong, UniversityofSydney RobertBrandom,UniversityofPittsburgh † ArthurW.Burks, UniversityofMichigan † Hector-NeriCastañeda, IndianaUniversity † RoderickM.Chisholm, BrownUniversity PatriciaSmithChurchland,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego JohnCorcoran,StateUniversityofNewYork,Buffalo † ArthurC.Danto, ColumbiaUniversity † FredDretske, StanfordUniversity DagfinnFøllesdal,UniversityofOslo RainerForst,GoetheUniversity,Frankfurt DanielGarber,PrincetonUniversity † AlanGewirth, UniversityofChicago RussellHardin,NewYorkUniversity WilliamL.Harper,UniversityofWesternOntario T.H.Irwin,UniversityofOxford DavidKaplan,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles † NormanKretzmann, CornellUniversity J.R.Lucas,MertonCollege,UniversityofOxford SallyMcConnell-Ginet,CornellUniversity MichaelS.Moore,UniversityofIllinois AlexanderNehamas,PrincetonUniversity MarthaC.Nussbaum,UniversityofChicago OnoraO’Neill,UniversityofCambridge JohnPerry,StanfordUniversity † RichardRorty, StanfordUniversity JohnR.Searle,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley WalterSinnott-Armstrong,DukeUniversity ElliottSober,UniversityofWisconsin,Madison ErnestSosa,RutgersUniversity EleonoreStump,St.LouisUniversity RaimoTuomela,UniversityofHelsinki BasvanFraassen,PrincetonUniversity AllenW.Wood,IndianaUniversity † Deceased. T H E C A M B R I D G E D I C T I O N A R Y O F P H I L O S O P H Y T H I R D E D I T I O N General Editor ROBERT AUDI UniversityofNotreDame AssociateEditor PAUL AUDI UniversityofNebraska,Omaha 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,NY10013-2473,USA CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107643796 ©CambridgeUniversityPress1995,1999,2015 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished1995 Secondedition1999 Thirdedition2015 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData TheCambridgedictionaryofphilosophy/editedbyRobertAudi.–Thirdedition. pages cm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-107-01505-0(hardback)–ISBN978-1-107-64379-6(paperback) 1. Philosophy–Dictionaries. I. Audi,Robert B41.C35 2015 103–dc23 2014021783 ISBN978-1-107-01505-0Hardback ISBN978-1-107-64379-6Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. CONTENTS Contributors page ix Preface to the First Edition xxxi Preface to the Second Edition xxxvii Preface to the Third Edition xli Dictionary 1 Appendix of Special Symbols and Logical Notation 1151 Index of Selected Names 1155 vii
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