Table Of Content

the cambridge companion to UTILITARIANISM Utilitarianism, the approach to ethics based on the maximization of overall well-being, continues to have great traction in moral philosophy and political thought. This Companion offers a systematic exploration of its history,themes,andapplications.First,ittracestheorigins and development of utilitarianism via the work of Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, Henry Sidgwick, and others. The volume then explores issues in the formulation of utilitarianism, including act versus rule utilitarianism, actual versus expected consequences, and objective versus subjective theories of well-being. Next, utilitarianism is positioned in relation to Kantianism and virtue ethics, and the possibility of conflict between utilitarianism and fairness is considered. Finally, the volume explores the modern relevance of utilitarianism by considering its practical implications for contemporary controversies such as military conflict and global warming. The volume will be an important resource for all those studying moral philosophy, political philosophy, political theory, and the historyofideas. ben eggleston isAssociateProfessorofPhilosophyatthe UniversityofKansas.Heisco-editor(withDaleE.Millerand David Weinstein) of John Stuart Mill and the Art of Life (2011). dale e. miller isProfessorofPhilosophyatOldDominion University. He is author of J. S. Mill: Moral, Social and Political Thought (2010) and co-editor of Morality, Rules, and Consequences (with Brad Hooker and Elinor Mason, 2000) and John Stuart Mill and the Art of Life (with Ben EgglestonandDavidWeinstein,2011). othervolumesintheseriesofcambridgecompanions ABELARD Editedbyjeffrey e. brower and kevin guilfoy ADORNO Editedbythomas huhn ANCIENTSCEPTICISM Editedbyrichard bett ANSELM Editedbybrian davies andbrian leftow AQUINAS Editedbynorman kretzmann and eleonore stump ARABICPHILOSOPHY Editedbypeter adamson and richard c. taylor HANNAH ARENDT Editedbydana villa ARISTOTLE Editedbyjonathan barnes ARISTOTLE’S ‘POLITICS’ Editedby marguerite deslauriers andpaul destreé ATHEISM Editedbymichael martin AUGUSTINE Editedbyeleonore stump and norman kretzmann BACON Editedbymarkku peltonen BERKELEY Editedbykenneth p. winkler BOETHIUS Editedbyjohn marenbon BRENTANO Editedbydale jacquette CARNAP Editedbymichael friedman and richard creath CONSTANT Editedbyhelena rosenblatt CRITICALTHEORY Editedbyfred rush DARWIN 2ndeditionEditedbyjonathan hodge and gregory radick SIMONEDEBEAUVOIR Editedbyclaudia card DELEUZE Editedbydaniel w. smith and henry somers-hall DESCARTES Editedbyjohn cottingham DEWEY Editedbymolly cochran DUNS SCOTUS Editedbythomas williams EARLY GREEKPHILOSOPHY Editedbya. a. long EARLY MODERN PHILOSOPHY Editedby donald rutherford EPICUREANISM Editedbyjames warren Continuedatthebackofthebook The Cambridge Companion to UTILITARIANISM Edited by Ben Eggleston UniversityofKansas Dale E. Miller OldDominionUniversity UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress, NewYork CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107656710 ©CambridgeUniversityPress,2014 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2014 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StIvesplc AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationdata TheCambridgecompaniontoutilitarianism/editedbyBenEggleston,University ofKansas;DaleE.Miller,OldDominionUniversity. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-107-02013-9(alk.paper) 1. Utilitarianism. I. Eggleston,Ben,1971– II. Miller,DaleE.,1966– b843.c36 2014 1710.5–dc23 2013043752 isbn 978-1-107-02013-9Hardback isbn 978-1-107-65671-0Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication, anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. contents Notesoncontributors pageix Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 ben eggleston and dale e. miller 1 UtilitarianismbeforeBentham 16 colin heydt 2 Benthamandutilitarianismintheearlynineteenth century 38 james e. crimmins 3 Millandutilitarianisminthemid-nineteenth century 61 henry r. west 4 Sidgwickandutilitarianisminthelatenineteenth century 81 roger crisp 5 Utilitarianisminthetwentiethcentury 103 krister bykvist 6 Actutilitarianism 125 ben eggleston 7 Ruleutilitarianism 146 dale e. miller 8 Globalutilitarianism 166 julia driver vii viii contents 9 Objectivism,subjectivism,andprospectivism 177 elinor mason 10 Subjectivetheoriesofwell-being 199 chris heathwood 11 Objectivetheoriesofwell-being 220 ben bradley 12 Kantianethicsandutilitarianism 239 jens timmermann 13 Whatvirtueethicscanlearnfromutilitarianism 258 daniel c. russell 14 Utilitarianismandfairness 280 brad hooker 15 Utilitarianismandtheethicsofwar 303 william h. shaw 16 Utilitarianismandourobligationstofuturepeople 325 tim mulgan Bibliography 348 Index 373