The Cambridge Companion to Twentieth-Century Russian Literature (Cambridge Companions to Literature) PDF
Preview The Cambridge Companion to Twentieth-Century Russian Literature (Cambridge Companions to Literature)
the cambridge companion to twentieth-century russian literature In Russian history, the twentieth century was an era of unprecedented, rad- ical transformations – changes in social systems, political regimes, and eco- nomic structures. A number of distinctive literary schools emerged, each with their own voice, specific artistic character, and ideological background. As a single-volumecompendium,theCambridgeCompaniontoTwentieth-Century RussianLiteratureprovidesanewperspectiveonRussianliteraryandcultural development,asitunifiesbothe´migre´literatureandliteraturewritteninRussia. Thisvolumeconcentratesonbroad,complex,anddiversesources–fromSym- bolism and revolutionary avant-garde writings to Stalinist, post-Stalinist, and post-Soviet prose, poetry, drama, and e´migre´ literature, with forays into film, theatre,andliterarypolicies,institutions,andtheories.Thecontributorspresent recentscholarshiponthehistoricalandculturalcontextsoftwentieth-century literarydevelopment,andsituatethemostinfluentialindividualauthorswithin these contexts: among them Boris Pasternak, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Joseph Brodsky,OsipMandelshtam,MikhailBulgakov,andAnnaAkhmatova. evgeny dobrenko isProfessorofRussianattheUniversityofSheffield. marina balina is Isaac Funk Professor of Russian Studies at the Illinois WesleyanUniversity. Acompletelistofbooksintheseriesisatthebackofthisbook. THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO TWENTIETH-CENTURY RUSSIAN LITERATURE EDITED BY EVGENY DOBRENKO AND MARINA BALINA cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Tokyo,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521698047 (cid:2)C CambridgeUniversityPress2011 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2011 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata TheCambridgecompaniontotwentieth-centuryRussianliterature/editedbyEvgeny Dobrenko,MarinaBalina. p. cm.–(Cambridgecompanionstoliterature) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-0-521-87535-6(hardback) 1.Russianliterature–20thcentury–Historyandcriticism. I.Dobrenko,E.A.(Evgenii Aleksandrovich) II.Balina,Marina. III.Title. IV.Series. pg3017.c36 2011 891.7(cid:3)09004–dc22 2010043700 isbn978-0-521-87535-6Hardback isbn978-0-521-69804-7Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyInternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. CONTENTS Listofcontributors pagevii Acknowledgements viii Noteonnames ix Chronology x Preface:EvgenyDobrenkoandMarinaBalina xxi 1 PoetryoftheSilverAge 1 boris gasparov 2 ProsebetweenSymbolismandRealism 21 nikolai bogomolov 3 PoetryoftheRevolution 41 andrew kahn 4 ProseoftheRevolution 59 boris wolfson 5 UtopiaandtheNovelaftertheRevolution 79 philip ross bullock 6 SocialistRealism 97 evgeny dobrenko 7 Poetryafter1930 115 stephanie sandler 8 RussianEpicNovelsoftheSovietPeriod 135 katerina clark v contents 9 ProseafterStalin 153 marina balina 10 Post-SovietLiteraturebetweenRealismandPostmodernism 175 mark lipovetsky 11 ExileandRussianLiterature 195 david bethea and siggy frank 12 DramaandTheatre 215 birgit beumers 13 LiteratureandFilm 235 julian graffy 14 LiteraryPoliciesandInstitutions 251 maria zalambani 15 RussianCriticalTheory 269 caryl emerson Index 289 vi CONTRIBUTORS marina balina, IllinoisWesleyanUniversity david bethea, UniversityofWisconsin,MadisonandUniversityofOxford birgit beumers, UniversityofBristol nikolai bogomolov, MoscowStateUniversity philip ross bullock, UniversityofOxford katerina clark, YaleUniversity evgeny dobrenko, UniversityofSheffield caryl emerson, PrincetonUniversity siggy frank, UniversityofNottingham boris gasparov, ColumbiaUniversity julian graffy, UniversityCollegeLondon andrew kahn, UniversityofOxford mark lipovetsky, UniversityofColorado,Boulder stephanie sandler, HarvardUniversity boris wolfson, AmherstCollege maria zalambani, UniversityofBologna,Forl`ı vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, we wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to our con- tributors for their enthusiasm and skill, and their support of our collective efforts in completing this project. We gratefully acknowledge the help of Jesse Savage: his skilful translations and his invaluable and unstinting help withvariousaspectsofthismanuscript’spreparationdeservespecialrecog- nition.Wewanttoexpressaspecialthankstoourcopy-editoratCambridge University Press, Barbara Docherty, whose investment of time and energy wentfarbeyondhercallofduty.OurwholeheartedthanksgoestoLauren Nelsonforherassistancewiththisproject.Wewouldalsoliketothankthe Isaac Funk Foundation at the Illinois Wesleyan University and the Faculty ofArtsandHumanitiesattheUniversityofSheffieldforprovidingfinancial assistance for this project. Finally, we are grateful to Linda Bree, Maartje Scheltens,andChristinaSarigiannidou,oureditorsatCambridgeUniversity Press, for their support, confidence, and patience during the completion of thisvolume. viii NOTE ON NAMES Every time that a writer discusses some aspect of a people who use a dif- ferentwritingsystem,thesameproblemarises:‘HowdoIspellthenames?’ To take just one Russian name, the ‘romanized’ spellings Juri, Jurij, Yuri, Yury, Iurii, and even Uri, might all represent (and most have represented) thename Юрий. Inthiscollection, theeditors have chosen to(mostly)fol- low the Library of Congress system for romanizing Cyrillic names, as it is widelyusedbythelibrariesandbooksellersofGreatBritain,Australia,and North America, with very few exceptions. We have upper-cased only the first letter of digraphs of that system (Ia, Iu, and Ts instead of IA, IU, and TS) when they are upper-case in Russian, and have not used the ligatures that join any such digraphs. Within the text of the articles (but not within (cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3) notesourcesandFurtherreading),wehaveomittedtheprimes( and )used torepresenttheRussian‘softsign’ьand‘hardsign’ъ,andhaveromanized both ‘short i’ й and ‘i’ и as i. All surnames ending in –skii are simplified to –sky,andfirstnamesareomittedfor(FedorMikhailovich)Dostoevskyand (Lev Davidovich) Trotsky. The first name Aleksandr is spelled Alexander, andomittedfor(AlexanderSergeevich)Pushkin;forenamesarealsoomitted for (Anton Pavlovich) Chekhov. The surname of Vladimir (Vladimirovich) Maiakovskyisfurtherslightlyalteredto‘Mayakovsky’,andthatofAndrei Belyi to ‘Bely’. The poet Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky is probably as well known for publication in English, so herein he is called Joseph Brodsky. Maksim(AlekseiMaksimovich)Gor´kiiiscalled‘MaximGorky’.Fornotes andFurtherreading,‘Evgeny’(not‘Evgenii’)willbeusedastheco-editor’s forename, whether the source is in Russian or in English; similarly, the Germancritic/theoristHansGu¨ntherwillbesocalledalsoforRussianpub- licationscyrillicizinghisnameas‘KhansGiunter’.Withinthebodyofnotes, thenamesarespelledastheyoccuronthesource.Anysignificantvariations thatariseonsourcesareaccommodatedbycross-referencesintheindex. ix
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