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The Cambridge Companion to the Harpsichord Writtenbyfourteenleadingexpertsinthefield,thisCompanion coversalmosteveryaspectoftheharpsichord–thehistoryofthe instrument,tuningsystems,theroleoftheharpsichordin ensemble,itsuseinthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies–and includeschaptersdevotedtoDomenicoScarlattiandtoJ.S.Bach andHandel.Chaptersfeaturingalmosteverynationalstyleare writtenbyauthorswithcloseconnectionstothecountriesabout whichtheyarewriting,includingEngland,theNetherlands, Germany,theAustro-HungarianEmpire,France,Italy,Portugal, andSpain,aswellasthelessextensiveharpsichordtraditionsof Russia,theNordicandBalticcountries,andcolonialSpanishand PortugueseAmerica.Withmusicalexamples,illustrations, achronology,andlistsofcomposers,reliableeditions,andoriginal sources,thisisthebookisforallwholovetheharpsichordorwant tolearnmoreaboutit. mark kroll’s distinguishedcareerasaperformer,scholar,and educatorspansaperiodofmorethanfiftyyears.Hehasappeared worldwideasaharpsichordistandfortepianist,published numerousbooks,chapters,articlesandeditions,mademorethan fortyrecordings,andisProfessoremeritusatBostonUniversity, whereheservedfortwenty-fiveyearsasProfessorofHarpsichord andChairoftheDepartmentofHistoricalPerformance.Heis currentlyrecordingthecompletePiècesdeclavecinofFrançois Couperin. 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EDITEDBY Mark Kroll BostonUniversity UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre,NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107156074 DOI:10.1017/9781316659359 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2019 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2019 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJInternationalLtd,Padstow,Cornwall AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Kroll,Mark. Title:TheCambridgecompaniontotheharpsichord/editedbyMarkKroll. Description:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2019. Identifiers:LCCN2018027191|ISBN9781107156074 Subjects:LCSH:Harpsichord–History.|Harpsichordmusic–Historyandcriticism. Classification:LCCML651.C362019|DDC786.4–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018027191 ISBN978-1-107-15607-4Hardback ISBN978-1-316-60970-5Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Contents ListofFigures pageix ListofMusicExamples x ListofContributors xiii Acknowledgments xvi Chronology xvii Introduction MarkKroll 1 1 HistoryandConstructionoftheHarpsichord JohnKoster 2 2 TheVirginalists PieterDirksen 31 3 England AndrewWoolley 47 4 TheNetherlandsandNorthernGermany TonKoopman 71 5 SouthernGermanyandtheAustro-HungarianEmpireto1750 PieterDirksen 93 6 France MarkKroll 113 7 Italy RebeccaCypess 138 8 Portugal JoãoPedrod’Alvarenga 165 9 Spain ÁguedaPedrero-Encabo 185 10 DomenicoScarlattiinPortugalandSpain JoãoPedrod’AlvarengaandÁguedaPedrero-Encabo 201 11 Russia MarinaRitzarev 211 12 TheNordicandBalticCountries AnnaMariaMcElwain 225 13 TheHarpsichordinColonialSpanishandPortugueseAmerica PedroPersone 236 14 Bach,Handel,andtheHarpsichord RobertL.Marshall 263 15 TheHarpsichordinEnsemble MarkKroll 299 16 ContemporaryHarpsichordMusic LarryPalmer 324 [vii] viii Contents 17 TuningandTemperament PaulPoletti 347 Appendix1:ChronologicalListofHarpsichordComposers fromtheNetherlandsandNorthernGermanyDiscussed inChapter4 364 Appendix2:RecommendedEditionstoAccompanyChapter4 364 Appendix3:PrincipalEditionsCitedinChapter5 366 Appendix4:ModernandFacsimileEditionsCitedinChapter6 367 Appendix5:Composers,Works,andSourcesCitedinChapter9 370 Appendix6:SelectListofCompositionswithWritten-out HarpsichordPartstoAccompanyChapter15 373 Glossary 376 Index 377 Figures 1.1 Harpsichord,makerunknown,Naples,ca.1525 page3 1.2 Virginal,makerunknown,Venice,1540 5 1.3 Harpsichord,makerunknown,southernGermany, ca.1630 9 1.4 HarpsichordbyAndreasRuckerstheElder,Antwerp,1607 10 1.5 HarpsichordbyJoannesRuckers,Antwerp,1638 11 1.6 DoublevirginalbyHansRuckers,Antwerp,1581 12 1.7 HarpsichordbyGiacomoRidolfi,Rome,ca.1660–ca.1690 17 1.8 SpinetbyCharlesHaward,London,1689 22 1.9 HarpsichordbyJosephKirckman,London,1798 24 1.10 HarpsichordbyJoséCalisto,Portugal,1780 25 4.1 JanHarmensz.Muller(1571–1628),PortraitofJanPietersz. Sweelinck(1624) 75 4.2 JohannFriedrichFleischberger(1631–1665),Portrait ofHeinrichScheidemann(1652) 86 16.1 WandaLandowska,unsignedcaricature 325 16.2 Ligeti’smanuscriptofContinuum 331 [ix]